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Sing Sing Sing Sing
SING SING SING SING is the familiar name of New York State's notorious prison, located at Ossining on the Hudson River north of New York City. The description of imprisonment as being "sent up the river" originated there. Sing Sing was constructed in the 1820s by inmate labor under the direction... Read more
Gordon Riots 1780 Gordon Riots 1780
Gordon riots, 1780. The greatest outburst of civil disorder in modern British history. They lasted for six days from 2 to 8 June and did enormous damage in London. They began with the presentation by Lord George Gordon of a petition to Parliament against recent concessions to the catholics, but... Read more
Dora Dora
DORA (1). Codename for a Nazi concentration camp called Mittelbau KL which supplied forced labour for the subterranean Nordhausen factory in the Harz mountains 240 km. (150 mi.) south-west of Berlin. Its inmates, deported from all over Europe, enlarged an existing sodium sulphate mine... Read more
Elie Wiesel Elie Wiesel
Elie Wiesel 1928-, American writer, writing in French, b. Sighet, Romania. At 16 he was imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald, where his family perished. After the war, he studied at the Sorbonne. In the 1950s he was a correspondent for Israeli, American, and French... Read more
Correctional institutions Correctional institutions
REFORMATORIES REFORMATORIES are penal institutions meant to "reform" or "rehabilitate" the persons assigned to them. The difference between reformatories and prisons is best understood as aspirational. "Prison" connotes a purpose to detain inmates as punishment rather than to help them learn to... Read more
Auschwitz Auschwitz
Auschwitz was the German name for Oswiecim, a town in southern Poland which was annexed to the Reich after the Polish campaign in September– October 1939. The name is now reserved for the complex of three Nazi concentration camps, and 36 sub-camps, which were built outside the town in... Read more
Ken Elton Kesey Ken Elton Kesey
Ken Elton Kesey 1935-2001, American novelist and counterculture figure, b. La Junta, Colo.; grad. Univ. of Oregon (1957), Stanford Univ. (1960). While a student he volunteered for a hospital study of mind-altering drugs, substances that were to shape much of his life and work. He also briefly... Read more
Dachau Dachau
Dachau , city, Bavaria, S Germany, on the Amper River; chartered in 1391. It is a rail junction and its industries include the production of paper, cardboard, electrical equipment, and textiles. There is a 16th-century castle. Nearby was (1933-45) the first Nazi concentration camp , which today has... Read more
John Haviland John Haviland
John Haviland , 1792-1852, American architect, b. Philadelphia. Haviland was noted as a pioneer in prison architecture. His design for the Pennsylvania Eastern State Penitentiary was imitated internationally and heralded prison reform in the 19th cent. Haviland's prisons were characterized by light,... Read more
Eblis Eblis
Eblis (or Iblis) The "Satan" of the Mohammedans. It was said that Eblis was an inmate of Azaze, the heaven nearest God, and when the angels were commanded to bow down to the first man, he was the chief of those who rebelled. They were cast out of Azaze, and Eblis and his followers were sentenced... Read more

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