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Methuen treaty Methuen treaty
Methuen treaty, 1703. The long-standing trading links between England and Portugal were reinforced in 1662 by the marriage of Charles II to Catherine of Braganza. When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, the assistance of Portugal was essential. The political alliance was followed... Read more
cromlech cromlech
cromlech [Welsh or Breton,=crooked stone], term that has changed in meaning from its original equivalent to dolmen . It later came to be used for a single standing stone and now usually refers to a circle of such stones; however, the term is used in this sense for such remains on the Continent,... Read more
Vimeiro Vimeiro
Vimeiro , village, Lisboa dist., W central Portugal, in Estremadura. It was the scene of a battle (1808) of the Peninsular War, in which Wellington defeated Junot, thus ending the first French invasion of Portugal.... Read more
Alcobaca Alcobaca
Alcobaça , town (1991 pop. 5,235), Leiria dist., W central Portugal, in Estremadura. The town, a fruit processing and textile center, became a center of the Cistercians in the reign of Alfonso I, and its abbey (building begun 1152) was the greatest of medieval Portugal. The Alcobaça... Read more
John III (Portugal) John III (Portugal)
John III (John the Fortunate), 1502-57, king of Portugal (1521-57), son of Manuel I . His reign saw the Portuguese empire at its apogee. The great Asian possessions were extended by further conquest, and systematic colonization of Brazil was begun. However, in Portugal itself decadence had set in... Read more
Algarve Algarve
Algarve , historic province, 1,958 sq mi (5,070 sq km), extreme S Portugal, coextensive with Faro dist. The capital is Faro , and other important cities are Silves, Portimão, and Lagos . Much fruit (almonds, citrus, grapes, olives, figs, pomegranates) is grown in the Algarve, and there is... Read more
Louis I Louis I
Louis I 1838-89, king of Portugal (1861-89), son of Maria II and Ferdinand II. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Peter V. His reign was marked by much political turmoil and by a growth of republicanism, while a succession of alternating liberal and conservative ministries... Read more
Guimaraes Guimaraes
Guimarães , city (1991 est. pop. 48,200), Braga dist., NW Portugal, in Minho. It has textile and cutlery manufactures, but its main importance is historical. The town was the seat of Duke Henry of Burgundy and of his son, Alfonso I, first king of Portugal. Alfonso VII of León besieged... Read more
Aviz Aviz
Aviz , village, Portalegre dist., central Portugal, in Alto Alentejo. The Castilian order of the Knights of Calatrava assisted in driving the Moors from Portugal and in 1166 settled at Évora . Alfonso II granted (1211) them Aviz, and this branch of the order became separate and was known as... Read more
Braganza Braganza
Braganza , royal house that ruled Portugal from 1640 to 1910 and Brazil from 1822 to 1889. It took its name from the castle of Braganza or Bragança. The line was descended from Alfonso, the natural son of John I of Portugal, who became the duke of Braganza in 1442. Although Alfonso's... Read more

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