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Jan Masaryk
Jan Masaryk , 1886-1948, Czechoslovak diplomat, son of Thomas G. Masaryk. He was (1925-38) Czechoslovak minister to Great Britain, and in London he became (1940) foreign minister in the Czechoslovak government in exile headed by Eduard Beneš after the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. Duri...
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battle of Copenhagen
battle of Copenhagen 1801, an important incident of the French Revolutionary Wars . In Dec., 1800, Denmark joined Russia, Sweden, and Prussia in declaring the armed neutrality of the northern powers in the French Revolutionary Wars and in announcing that they would not comply with the British rule...
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Smithson Tennant
Smithson Tennant 1761-1815, English chemist. In 1796 he proved, by burning a diamond, that the diamond consists solely of carbon. In 1804 he announced his discovery of osmium and iridium.
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Tonga
Tonga , officially Kingdom of Tonga, island kingdom (2005 est. pop. 112,000), 270 sq mi (699 sq km), South Pacific, c.2000 mi (3,220 km) NE of Sydney, Australia. Tonga is the only surviving independent kingdom in the South Pacific. Nukualofa is the capital.
Land, People, and Economy
The ...
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Old Vic
Old Vic London repertory company and theater. The Old Vic theater opened in 1818 as the Coburg, and was renamed the Royal Victoria in 1833, soon familiarized to the Old Vic. In 1914 it became a Shakespearean repertory company organized by Lillian Baylis; by 1923 the entire stage works of Shakes...
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electronics
electronics science and technology based on and concerned with the controlled flow of electrons or other carriers of electric charge, especially in semiconductor devices. It is one of the principal branches of electrical engineering . The invention of the transistor, announced in 1948, and the...
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Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut , d. 1458 BC, ruler of ancient Egypt, of the XVIII dynasty; eldest daughter of Thutmose I . She managed to rule Egypt by relegating her husband (and younger half-brother), Thutmose II (see under Thutmose I ), to the background during his brief reign. After his death, she continued in po...
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Eugene Joseph McCarthy
Eugene Joseph McCarthy 1916-2005, U.S. political leader, b. Watkins, Minn. He served (1942-46) as a technical assistant for military intelligence during World War II and then taught (1946-49) at the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minn. As a liberal Democratic member of the U.S. House of Represe...
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Three Emperors' League
Three Emperors' League informal alliance among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, announced officially in 1872 on the occasion of the meeting of emperors Francis Joseph, William I, and Alexander II. The chief architects of the alliance were Julius Andrássy, Otto von Bismarck, and Prince G...
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Jacques René Chirac
Jacques René Chirac , 1932-, French political leader, president of France (1995-2007), b. Paris. He attended the National School of Administration, joined the civil service, and began his political career in 1961 working for Premier Georges Pompidou . Elected to the National Assembly in 1967...
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