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George Pratt Shultz
George Pratt Shultz 1920-, American public official, b. New York City, grad. Princeton Univ., 1942, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1949. A professor of industrial relations, Shultz taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1946-57) and the Univ. of Chicago (1957-68). Under...
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Jack Nicholson
Jack Nicholson 1937-, American film actor, b. Neptune, N.J. After appearing in a series of low-budget movies for some 10 years, he scored his first success with Easy Rider (1969). One of Hollywood's most accomplished actors, adept at both drama and comedy and known for his versatility, charm, and...
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Luigi Einaudi
Luigi Einaudi , 1874-1961, president of Italy (1948-55). A noted economist, a senator for life from 1919, and an opponent of Fascism after 1924, Einaudi taught at the Univ. of Turin until 1943, when he fled to Switzerland. After his return he was governor of the Bank of Italy (1945-48) and vice prem...
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Franz Vranitzky
Franz Vranitzky , 1937-, Austrian political leader, chancellor of Austria (1986-97), b. Vienna. After receiving a doctorate in economics he became a banker (1961-70). Vranitzky was an adviser on economic and fiscal policy to the minister of finance (1970-76) and returned to banking (1976-84) before ...
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budget
budget inclusive list of proposed expenditures and expected receipts of any person, enterprise, or government for a specified period, usually one year. Budget estimates are based on the expenditures and receipts of a similar previous period, modified by any expected changes. The governmental budget...
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‘greenhouse effect’
‘greenhouse effect’ The effect of heat retention in the lower atmosphere as a result of absorption and reradiation of long-wave (more than 4 μm) terrestrial radiation by clouds and gases (e.g. water vapour and carbon dioxide). The insulating effect is not strictly analogous to th...
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David Russell Lange
David Russell Lange , 1942-2005, New Zealand politician. After receiving his law degree (LL.M., 1970) he fought for the rights of the underprivileged in Auckland, and was elected to the House of Representatives as a Labor party member in 1977. He became deputy leader of the party in 1979 and leader ...
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James Rodney Schlesinger
James Rodney Schlesinger 1929-, U.S. Secretary of Defense (1973-75) and Secretary of Energy (1977-79), b. New York City. After graduating from Harvard (A.B., 1950; A.M., 1952; Ph.D., 1956), he taught economics (1955-63) at the Univ. of Virginia and was then (1963-69) a specialist in strategic studi...
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diet
diet parliamentary bodies in Japan, Poland, Hungary, Bohemia, the Scandinavian nations, and Germany have been called diets. In German history, the diet originated as a meeting of landholders and burghers, convoked by the ruler to discuss financial problems. The imperial diet or Reichstag of the ...
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Newt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich (Newton Leroy Gingrich) , 1943-, U.S. congressman, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1995-98), b. Harrisburg, Pa., as Newton Leroy McPherson. A history professor, he was first elected as a Republican from Georgia in 1978 and became the leader of those House conservatives ...
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