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Claude Perrault
Claude Perrault , 1613-88, French architect, scientist, and physician. One of the most eminent French scholars of his time, he advanced the study of anatomy and made other scientific contributions. His greatest architectural achievement is his work on the east facade of the Louvre, known as the Colo...
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modern architecture
modern architecture new architectural style that emerged in many Western countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the "rational" use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. This style has been gener...
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column
column vertical architectural support, circular or polygonal in plan. A column is generally at least four or five times as high as its diameter or width; stubbier freestanding masses of masonry are usually called piers or pillars, particularly those with a rectangular plan. In fully developed Egypt...
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Walter Gropius
Walter Gropius , 1883-1969, German-American architect, one of the leaders of modern functional architecture. In Germany his Fagus factory buildings (1910-11) at Alfeld, with their glass walls, metal spandrels, and discerning use of purely industrial features, were among the most advanced works in Eu...
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Henry-Russell Hitchcock
Henry-Russell Hitchcock 1903-87, American architectural historian, b. Boston. Educated at Harvard, Hitchcock taught at Smith College and New York Univ. His writings, which helped to define modern architecture stylistically during the course of its development, are among the foremost in the field. H...
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Romanesque architecture and art
Romanesque architecture and art the artistic style that prevailed throughout Europe from the 10th to the mid-12th cent., although it persisted until considerably later in certain areas. The term Romanesque points to the principal source of the style, the buildings of the Roman Empire. In addition...
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Toltec
Toltec , ancient civilization of Mexico. The name in Nahuatl means "master builders." The Toltec formed a warrior aristocracy that gained ascendancy in the Valley of Mexico c.AD 900 after the fall of Teotihuacán. Their early history is obscure but they seem to have had ancient links with ...
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Russell Sturgis
Russell Sturgis stûr´jĬs , 1836-1909, American architect and writer, b. Baltimore co., Md., grad. College of the City of New York, 1856. He practiced architecture until 1880; the buildings he designed include the Flower Hospital in New York City and a chapel and several dormitories...
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lintel
lintel in architecture, the horizontal member that spans an opening, such as a door or window, or that connects two columns. The post-and-lintel, or trabeated, system of construction, with spans limited to the length of available wood or stone beams, is the basis of the Egyptian and Greek styles of...
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mullion
mullion , in architecture, a slender, upright intermediate member that subdivides an opening, as a division between panes of a window or between adjacent windows. Although the mullion occurs in some form in nearly all architectural styles, it is perhaps most characteristic of the elaborate Gothic sy...
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