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mannerism
mannerism a style in art and architecture (c.1520-1600), originating in Italy as a reaction against the equilibrium of form and proportions characteristic of the High Renaissance. In Florence, Pontormo and Bronzino, and in Rome, Il Rosso, Parmigianino, and Beccafumi created elegant figures elongate...
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Italian art
Italian art works of art produced in the geographic region that now constitutes the nation of Italy. Italian art has engendered great public interest and involvement, resulting in the consistent production of monumental and spectacular works. In addition, Italian art has nearly always been closely ...
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portraiture
portraiture the art of representing the physical or psychological likeness of a real or imaginary individual. The principal portrait media are painting, drawing, sculpture, and photography. From earliest times the portrait has been considered a means to immortality. Many cultures have attributed ma...
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Otto Nicolai
Otto Nicolai , 1810-49, German composer. His opera Il Templario (1840), after Scott's Ivanhoe, was successful, but his masterpiece was the comic opera The Merry Wives of Windsor (1849). He founded (1842) the Philharmonic Concerts, Vienna, for the purpose of presenting adequate performances of ...
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Il Sodoma
Il Sodoma , c.1477-1549, Sienese painter, whose real name was Giovanni Antonio Bazzi. Born in Vercelli, Piedmont, he went to Rome c.1508. Commissioned by Pope Julius II, he painted frescoes in the Camera della Segnatura in the Vatican. Raphael's frescoes afterward replaced most of his work there. Fo...
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Kim Il Sung
Kim Il Sung , 1912-94, North Korean political leader, chief of state of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948-94); originally named Kim Sung Chu. While fighting Japanese occupation forces in the 1930s, he adopted the name Kim Il Sung after a famous Korean guerrilla leader of the early 20th...
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trompe-l'œil
trompe-l'œil (Fr.: ‘deceives the eye’). Term applied to a painting (or a detail of one) that is intended to deceive the spectator (if only briefly) into thinking that it is a real object rather than a two-dimensional representation of it. Such virtuoso displays of skill often hav...
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Ugo Betti
Ugo Betti , 1892-1953, Italian dramatist and poet. He was a judge by profession. His earliest published works were two volumes of poetry (1922 and 1932), but he is remembered for his dramas. He wrote 27 plays. Among the most notable were La padrona [the mistress] (1927), Frano allo scalo nord [l...
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Il Rosso
Il Rosso , 1495-1540, Italian painter, one of the founders of mannerism , b. Florence. His real name was Giovan Battista di Iacopo di Gasparre. Influences of Andrea del Sarto and Pontormo are evident in his first work, The Assumption (the Annunziata, Florence), a painting in which there is alread...
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Bernardo Strozzi
Bernardo Strozzi , 1581-1644, Italian painter, b. Genoa. He is considered one of the greatest of the generation of early 17th-century Italian painters who made the transition from the mannerist to the baroque style. In 1598, Strozzi became a Capuchin monk, thus earning the names "Il Cappucino" a...
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