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oligarchy
oligarchy [Gr.,=rule by the few], rule by a few members of a community or group. When referring to governments, the classical definition of oligarchy, as given for example by Aristotle, is of government by a few, usually the rich, for their own advantage. It is compared with both aristocracy , whi...
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Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf , 1943-, Pakistani army officer, president of Pakistan (2001-), b. Delhi. After the partition of British India, his family resettled in Karachi, Pakistan; he spent (1949-56) some of his childhood in Turkey, where his father was posted as a diplomat. He entered the Pakistan Military ...
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Oliver Wendell Holmes
Oliver Wendell Holmes 1841-1935, American jurist, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1902-32), b. Boston; son of the writer Oliver Wendell Holmes. He served (1861-64) with distinction in the Civil War, took a law degree at Harvard (1866), and began practice in Boston in 1867. Holmes taugh...
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gag rules
gag rules in parliamentary procedure, rules limiting or prohibiting free debate on a particular issue. In U.S. history, the term is applied especially to procedural rules in force in the House of Representatives from 1836 to 1844. With the growth of antislavery feeling after the founding of the Ame...
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Roger Eugene Maris
Roger Eugene Maris , 1934-85, American baseball player, b. Hibbing, Minn. He played (1957-59) for Cleveland and the Kansas City Athletics before joining (1960) the New York Yankees. In 1961, Maris hit 61 home runs, breaking Babe Ruth 's record of 60 in one season. Ford C. Frick, commissioner of bas...
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Hel
Hel , in Norse mythology, the underworld (sometimes called Niflheim) and the goddess who ruled there. In early Germanic mythology, Hel was the goddess who ruled the majestic abode for the dead. Later, particularly after the advent of Christianity, Hel became a place of punishment, similar to the Chr...
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Kapilavastu
Kapilavastu , ancient town, S Nepal. According to legend, the Buddha, whose father ruled the state of Kapilavastu, was born nearby and passed his early years there.
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reductions
reductions Span. reducciones, settlements of indigenous peoples in colonial Latin America, founded (beginning in 1609) to utilize efficiently native labor and to teach the natives the ways of Spanish life. Best known were those established by the Jesuits in old Paraguay (many of them in present-d...
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Spain
Spain Span. España , officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy (2005 est. pop. 40,341,000), 194,884 sq mi (504,750 sq km), including the Balearic and Canary islands, SW Europe. It consists of the Spanish mainland (190,190 sq mi/492,592 sq km), which occupies the major part of the...
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Wade Hampton
Wade Hampton 1818-1902, Confederate general in the American Civil War, b. Charleston, S.C.; grandson of Wade Hampton (c.1752-1835). Hampton, a wealthy planter, served (1852-61) in the South Carolina legislature. In the Civil War he raised Hampton's Legion, which he led at the first battle of Bull R...
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