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Ai
Ai , in the Bible. 1 Canaanite royal city, E of Bethel. Abraham pitched his tent there when he arrived in Canaan. It is probably the modern et-Tell, near Bethel (West Bank). Excavations have revealed a strongly fortified city situated there. Ai was in ruins at the time of Joshua's conquest. The ac...
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Ts'ai Yüan-p'ei
Ts'ai Yüan-p'ei , 1867-1940, Chinese educator and intellectual leader. He achieved distinction as a classical scholar but later joined (1904) the anti-Manchu revolutionary movement at Shanghai. Ts'ai studied philosophy in Germany (1907-11). He returned to China during the republican revolution ...
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Ai Ch'ing
Ai Ch'ing or Ai Qing , pseud. of Chiang Hai-ch'eng or Jiang Haicheng, 1910-96, Chinese poet. After studying painting in France (1929-32), he returned to China where he wrote modernist poetry in flamboyant free verse that showed the influence of the Soviet poet Mayakovsky . He was active...
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Ku K'ai-chih
Ku K'ai-chih , c.344-c.406, Chinese painter, one of the most eminent painters before the T'ang dynasty. He was especially noted for his portraits but also painted landscapes. None of his works survive today, but his genius can be surmised from ancient writings and from presumed copies of his works. ...
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Gap
Gap , city (1990 pop. 35,647), capital of Hautes-Alpes dept., SE France, on the Luye River at the foot of the Dauphiné Alps. A center for tourism, Gap is an agricultural market that manufactures clothing, wood products, and construction materials. Founded by Augustus c.14 BC, it was the capit...
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Chih-i
Chih-i , 538-97, Chinese Buddhist scholar and founder of the T'ien-t'ai (in Japan, called Tendai, or Lotus) school of Buddhism. Chih-i produced a conceptual framework that integrated varying Indian Buddhist schools and scriptures into a coherent whole by classifying the various scriptures into five ...
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Amnesty International
Amnesty International (AI,) human-rights organization founded in 1961 by Englishman Peter Benenson; it campaigns internationally against the detention of prisoners of conscience, for the fair trial of political prisoners, to abolish the death penalty and torture of prisoners, and to end extrajudici...
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martial arts
martial arts various forms of self-defense, usually weaponless, based on techniques developed in ancient China, India, and Tibet. In modern times they have come into wide use for self-protection, as competitive sports, and for exercise.
Jujitsu teaches skills that enable one to overcome a bigg...
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artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence (AI), the use of computers to model the behavioral aspects of human reasoning and learning. Research in AI is concentrated in some half-dozen areas. In problem solving, one must proceed from a beginning (the initial state) to the end (the goal state) via a limited number o...
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle , 1890-1970, French general and statesman, first president (1959-69) of the Fifth Republic.
The World Wars
During World War I de Gaulle served with distinction until his capture in 1916. In The Army of the Future (1934, tr. 1941) he foresaw and futilely advocated for Fr...
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