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Topics related to "cerebral cortex"

cortex
cortex in botany, term generally applied to the outer soft tissues of the leaves, stems, and roots of plants. Cortical cells of the leaves and outer layers of nonwoody stems contain chloroplasts, and are modified for food storage (usually in the form of starch) in roots and the inner layers of stem... Read more
asphyxia
asphyxia , deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in the blood and body tissues. Asphyxia, often referred to as suffocation, usually results from an interruption of breathing due to mechanical blockage of the breathing passages, paralysis of the respiratory muscles following electric shoc... Read more
coma
coma in medicine, deep state of unconsciousness from which a person cannot be aroused even by painful stimuli. The patient cannot speak and does not respond to command. Coma is the result of damage to the brain stem and cerebrum that may be caused by severe head or brain injury, cardiac arrest, ... Read more
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov , 1849-1936, Russian physiologist and experimental psychologist. He was professor at the military medical academy and director of the physiology department at the Institute for Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, from 1890. Pavlov was a skillful ambidextrous surgeon; using d... Read more
cerebral palsy
cerebral palsy , disability caused by brain damage before or during birth or in the first years, resulting in a loss of voluntary muscular control and coordination. Although the exact cause is unknown, apparent predisposing factors include disease (e.g., rubella , genital herpes simplex ), very lo... Read more
adrenal gland
adrenal gland or suprarenal gland , endocrine gland (see endocrine system ) about 2 in. (5.1 cm) long situated atop each kidney. The outer yellowish layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland secretes about 30 steroid hormones, the most important of which are aldosterone and cortisol . Cortisol reg... Read more
handedness
handedness habitual or more skillful use of one hand as opposed to the other. Approximately 90% of humans are thought to be right-handed. It was traditionally argued that there is a slight tendency toward asymmetrical physiological development favoring the right side of the body, and that the cente... Read more
pain
pain unpleasant or hurtful sensation resulting from stimulation of nerve endings. The stimulus is carried by nerve fibers to the spinal cord and then to the brain, where the nerve impulse is interpreted as pain. The excessive stimulation of nerve endings during pain is attributed to tissue damage, ... Read more
aldosterone
aldosterone , steroid secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland. It is the most potent hormone regulating the body's electrolyte balance. Aldosterone acts directly on the kidney to decrease the rate of sodium-ion excretion (with accompanying retention of water), and to increase the rate of potas... Read more
cortisol
cortisol or hydrocortisone, steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland . Like cortisone , cortisol is classed as a glucocorticoid; it stimulates liver glycogen formation while it decreases the rate of glucose utilizati... Read more

Encyclopedia entries related to "cerebral cortex"

cerebral cortex
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body cerebral cortex Seen from the outside, the most obvious...human brain is the intricately folded cerebral cortex that covers the pair of cerebral hemispheres...to the other in each individual. True cerebral cortex is found in the brains of fishes, reptiles... Read more
cortex
Book article from: World Encyclopedia cortex In animal and plant anatomy, outer layer of a gland or tissue. Examples are the cortex of the adrenal glands ; the renal cortex of a kidney; the cerebral cortex or outer layer of the brain; the cortical layers of tissue in plant roots and... Read more
Cerebral Palsy
Encyclopedia entry from: Complete Human Diseases and Conditions Cerebral Palsy Marsha ’ s Story Cerebral palsy (SER-uh-brul PAWL-zee) is a group of conditions characterized...searching the Internet and other reference sources Cerebellum Cerebral cortex Cerebrum Movement disorders Spastic syndromes Marsha...his symptoms, the doctor suspected that Sam had a ... Read more
cerebral palsy
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex and causes the affected muscles...overresponsive to stimuli. Athetoid cerebral palsy, caused by damage to...writhing movements. Choreic cerebral palsy is characterized by...flailing movements. Ataxic cerebral palsy, involving the cerebellum... Read more
thalamus
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...layer of grey matter called cerebral cortex , with a core of white matter...thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex. The incoming fibres from each...particular area (or areas) of the cerebral cortex . Important pathways concerned... Read more
basal ganglia
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...separated from the outer shell of cerebral cortex by a wide band of white matter...throughout the frontal lobe cerebral cortex in addition to the motor cortex...transmit information back to the cerebral cortex, as well as mediating the control... Read more
vegetative state
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...damage has put out of action the cerebral cortex — the thinking, feeling...these tragic stories. With the cerebral cortex either destroyed or disconnected...late for the more vulnerable cerebral cortex. These acute insults usually... Read more
magnetic brain stimulation
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...expose the surface of the cerebral cortex , and then applied small...cortex, which is a strip of cortex running down the side of the cerebral hemisphere. Stimulation...from the motor area of the cerebral cortex to the motoneurons in the... Read more
limbic system
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...consist of various parts of the cerebral cortex forming a set of ‘rings...of structures lying below the cerebral cortex . The cortical areas include...x2013;27. See also brain ; cerebral cortex ; emotion ; memory . Read more
cerebellum
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...under the rear end of the cerebral hemispheres and is attached...to the body, than have the cerebral hemispheres. These facts...matter — the cerebellar cortex — covering a core...longer than it is wide. The cortex is divided up functionally...The fine structure of the cortex ... Read more

Dictionary entries related to "cerebral cortex"

cerebral cortex
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology cerebral cortex ( pallium ) The layer of grey matter that forms the outer layer of the...cerebrum in many vertebrates. It is most highly developed in mammals. The cortex is responsible for the control and integration of voluntary movement and... Read more
cortex
Book article from: A Dictionary of Zoology cortex An outer layer. 1. In vertebrates, the cerebral cortex is a layer of grey matter lying above each cerebral hemisphere ( cerebellum ) in the brain. 2. In Heliozoa , an outer sphere of ectoplasm , often greatly vacuolated. 3. In some sessile... Read more
visual cortex
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology visual cortex ( striate cortex ) The region of the cerebral cortex of the brain where sensory information from the eyes is interpreted. Read more
motor cortex
Book article from: A Dictionary of Nursing motor cortex ( moh -ter) n. the region of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for initiating nerve impulses that bring about voluntary activity in the muscles of the body. Read more
cerebral
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English ...x259;ˈrēbrəl; ˈserəbrəl / • adj. 1. of the cerebrum of the brain: the cerebral cortex. ∎  intellectual rather than emotional or physical. 2. Phonet. another term for retroflex . DERIVATIVES... Read more
pallium
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology pallium See cerebral cortex . Read more
neopallium
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology neopallium ( neocortex ) An area of the cerebral cortex of the vertebrate brain. The neopallium is most highly developed in mammals, in which it forms a surface layer covering most of... Read more
pyramidal cell
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology pyramidal cell A type of neuron found in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped cell body and its dendrites extend from both the body and the axon. Read more
basket cell
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology basket cell A type of cell found in the cerebral cortex . Basket cells form a layer next to the Purkyne cells , from which they receive stimuli. Read more
cerebrum
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology ...largest part of the vertebrate brain . It consists of two cerebral hemispheres , which develop from the embryonic forebrain...have an outer convoluted layer of grey matter – the cerebral cortex – which contains an estimated ten billion nerve cells... Read more

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

Neural stem cells can differentiate into mature neurons in regions of cerebral cortex, study finds.(Brief Article)
Newspaper article from: Transplant News; 6/30/2000; 341 words ; ...differentiate into mature neurons in regions of the cerebral cortex that normally do not undergo neurogenesis, according...without transplantation, to make new neurons in the cerebral cortex, said lead investigator Jeffrey Macklis, PhD from... Read more
Taking a more pounding and direct line to the cerebral cortex a la Big Black, the destructo-deconstructo rock of the A-Frames hits like a ton of shit bricks on "Complications" on S-S Records.(Notes From The Underground)
Magazine article from: Thrasher; 3/1/2005; ; 38 words ; Taking a more pounding and direct line to the cerebral cortex a la Big Black, the destructo-deconstructo rock of the A-Frames hits like a ton of shit bricks on Complications on S-S Records. Ritalin and Robitussin will get you through this ... Read more
Cerebral Palsy and the Basics of Movement.
Magazine article from: The Exceptional Parent; 5/1/1999; ; 700+ words ; Cerebral palsy is a group of impairments whose common thread is...having to think about it. To understand why children with cerebral palsy have the problems they have, it is necessary to learn...thought on your part! Now imagine a child whose spastic cerebral palsy affects his or her arms trying to do the ... Read more
Selective dorsal rhizotomy.(surgical procedure to help ameliorate symptoms of cerebral palsy)
Magazine article from: The Exceptional Parent; 8/1/1995; 700+ words ; The term cerebral palsy is used to describe many children and adults who have some sort of brain injury ( cerebral ) resulting in problems with movement ( palsy ). Since there are different types of cerebral palsy, adjectives describing specific types (for example...or athetoid ) usually precede the more ... Read more
Acupuncture treatment of depressive syndromes after cerebral vascular accidents.(Abstracts)
Magazine article from: The Journal of Chinese Medicine; 2/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; Acupuncture Treatment of Depressive Syndromes after Cerebral Vascular Accidents, by Wang Hairong: Depressive syndrome is a common complication in cerebral vascular accidents (CVA), which accounts for 70% of...syndromes after CVA in 140 cases. Of them, 86 were due to cerebral infarction, and 54 ... Read more
Male with deterioration of mental status. (Pathologic Quiz Case).(cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
Magazine article from: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; 1/1/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...showed diffuse, multicentric cerebral white matter enhancement...the vessels in the meninges, cortex, and white matter were characterized...diagnosis? Pathologic Diagnosis: Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy...Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy Cerebral autosomal dominant ... Read more
Shortened dental arch and cerebral regional blood volume: an experimental pilot study with optical topography.(RADIOLOGY)(Report)
Magazine article from: CRANIO: The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice; 4/1/2009; ; 700+ words ; ...and lack of occlusal molar support rapidly reduces cerebral blood volume in the maximum voluntary clenching condition...studies suggest that occlusal status is related to cerebral blood flow. (9-12) Improvement in occlusal condition with an implant prosthesis can increase cerebral blood volume. (13) For ... Read more
Role of sodium channel inhibition in neuroprotection: effect of vinpocetine.(on regional cerebral blood flow)
Magazine article from: Alternative Medicine Review; 2/1/2001; ; 235 words ; ...cerebrovascular origin for decades. The increase in the regional cerebral blood flow in response to vinpocetine administration is well...pattern (mainly in the thalamus, basal ganglia and visual cortex) of labelled vinpocetin were demonstrated by positron emission...proved that vinpocetine is able to ... Read more
Steroid use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a preventable cause of cerebral palsy and developmental delay.
Magazine article from: The Exceptional Parent; 9/1/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...per year in the US) have either developmental delay (DD) or cerebral palsy (CP). Recently, we have learned that some of these...almost all of the complex pattern of hills and valleys of the cerebral cortex--the thinking part of the brain--are not even visible in... Read more
Brain Diseases.(excerpt from "New Way of Looking at Diseases of the Brain")(Excerpt)
Magazine article from: Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients; 4/1/2001; ; 293 words ; ...lack of synchronicity between the cerebral cortex and the thalamus. According to...sent to appropriate areas of the cortex by the thalamus. In order for this...thalamus cells and corresponding cortex cells decouple, resulting in symptoms... Read more