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mental hygiene
mental hygiene the science of promoting mental health and preventing mental illness through the application of psychiatry and psychology. A more commonly used term today is mental health. In 1908, the modern mental hygiene movement took root as a result of public reaction to Clifford Beers 's au...
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karate
karate Martial art popularized in Japan in the 1920s. It involves a method of physical and mental training, includes a variety of blows using the hand, legs, elbows and head. In competition, scoring depends on the finality of the blow....
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Adolf Meyer
Adolf Meyer , 1866-1950, American neurologist and psychiatrist, b. Switzerland, M.D. Zürich, 1892. He emigrated to the United States in 1892 and was professor of psychiatry at Cornell Univ. (1904-9) and at Johns Hopkins (1910-41), where he was also director of the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clini...
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mental retardation
mental retardation below average level of intellectual functioning, usually defined by an IQ of below 70 to 75, combined with limitations in the skills necessary for daily living. Daily living skills include such things as communication, the ability to care for oneself, and the ability to work. The...
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psychiatry
psychiatry , branch of medicine that concerns the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, including major depression , schizophrenia , and anxiety . Although the Greeks recognized the significance of emotions in mental disorders, medieval thought emphasized demonic...
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Philippe Pinel
Philippe Pinel , 1745-1826, French physician, M.D. Univ. of Toulouse, 1773. After moving to Paris in 1778, he was appointed (1793) director of the Bicêtre hospital and shortly thereafter of the Salpêtrière. His Traité médico-philosophique sur l'aliénation men...
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neurasthenia
neurasthenia , condition characterized by general lassitude, irritability, lack of concentration, worry, and hypochondria. The term was introduced into psychiatry in 1869 by G. M. Beard, an American neurologist. Used by Freud to describe a fundamental disorder in mental functioning, the term was inc...
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hygiene
hygiene science of preserving and promoting the health of both the individual and the community. It has many aspects: personal hygiene (proper living habits, cleanliness of body and clothing, healthful diet, a balanced regimen of rest and exercise); domestic hygiene (sanitary preparation of food, c...
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Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
Lucien Lévy-Bruhl , 1857-1939, French philosopher, psychologist, and ethnologist. He was professor at the Sorbonne from 1899 and editor of the Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger. Particularly known for his research on the mentality of preliterate peoples, he wrote nume...
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insanity
insanity mental disorder of such severity as to render its victim incapable of managing his affairs or of conforming to social standards. Today, the term insanity is used chiefly in criminal law, to denote mental aberrations or defects that may relieve a person from the legal consequences of his or...
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