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Directory
Directory group of five men who held the executive power in France according to the constitution of the year III (1795) of the French Revolution . They were chosen by the new legislature, by the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients; each year one director, chosen by lot, was to be r...
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Hannah Glasse
Hannah Glasse , fl. 1747, writer of a popular English cookbook, Art of Cookery (1747). She is also credited with writing The Compleat Confectioner and The Servant's Directory, both published in 1770.
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Brumaire
Brumaire , second month of the French Revolutionary calendar . The coup of 18 (actually 18-19) Brumaire (Nov. 9-10, 1799), engineered chiefly by Sieyès, overthrew the Directory and established the Consulate under Napoleon. It nearly failed because of Napoleon's inept conduct at the Counc...
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Charles Evans
Charles Evans 1850-1935, American librarian and bibliographer, b. Boston. He organized many major American libraries including the Indianapolis public library, the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, and the Omaha public library. He also classified the Newberry Library in Chicago. An authority o...
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Fructidor
Fructidor , 12th month of the French Revolutionary calendar . The coup of 18 Fructidor (Sept. 4, 1797), in which General Augereau was a key figure, annulled the previous elections and removed Lazare Carnot and François de Barthélemy from the Directory . The coup was directed against ...
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Thermidor
Thermidor , 11th month of the French Revolutionary calendar . The coup of 9 Thermidor (July 27, 1794) marked the downfall of Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror . The men who came into power were members of the old bourgeoisie and the newly rich who had profited from speculation and i...
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Vendémiaire
Vendémiaire , first month of the French Revolutionary calendar . 13 Vendémiaire of the year iv (Oct. 5, 1795) was the day when Napoleon Bonaparte, until then an obscure general, won fame by putting down a serious insurrection. The Parisian electorate had revolted against certain decre...
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Jean François Chalgrin
Jean François Chalgrin , 1739-1811, French architect. He studied under Servandoni and in Italy as a winner of the Grand Prix de Rome (1758). He rebuilt (1777) part of the Church of St. Sulpice in Paris. His most influential work was the Church of St. Philippe-du-Roule, in which he reintroduce...
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Consulate
Consulate 1799-1804, in French history, form of government established after the coup of 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9-10, 1799), which ended the Directory . Three consuls were appointed to rule France—Napoleon Bonaparte (see Napoleon I ), Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès , and Roger Ducos. Sieyè...
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Directoire style
Directoire style , in French interior decoration and costume, the manner prevailing about the time of the Directory (1795-99), from which the name is derived. A style transitional between Louis XVI and Empire, it is characterized by a departure from the sumptuousness of the aristocratic regime. Furn...
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