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American Indian Movement
American Indian Movement (AIM), organization of the Native American civil-rights movement, founded in 1968. Its purpose is to encourage self-determination among Native Americans and to establish international recognition of their treaty rights. In 1972, members of AIM briefly took over the headquar...
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Dawes Commission
Dawes Commission commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, created by the U.S. Congress in 1893 under the Dawes Act with H. L. Dawes as chairman. Its aim was the reorganization of the Indian Territory by securing the assent of the chiefs to the extinguishing of tribal land titles and by allotting ...
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Red Guards
Red Guards in Chinese history, politically active students of the Cultural Revolution (1966-69), who organized units to carry out Mao Zedong 's aim of rerevolutionizing Chinese society. As their numbers grew, the units engaged in factional struggles, and in 1968 Mao suppressed the movement.
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Aimé-Jules Dalou
Aimé-Jules Dalou , 1838-1902, French sculptor. He was popular under the Third Republic. Dalou studied with Carpeaux and was later exiled (1871-79) to England for his revolutionary sentiments. He taught in London. His best-known works are his Triumph of the Republic (Place de la Nation, Pari...
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nuclear strategy
nuclear strategy a policy for the use of nuclear weapons . The first atomic bombs were used in the context of the Allies' World War II policy of strategic bombing. Early in the cold war , U.S. policy was for massive retaliation with Strategic Air Command bombers in the event of war with the U...
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Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin
Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin , 1739-91, Russian field marshal and favorite of Catherine II . He studied at Moscow Univ. and then entered the army. His part in the coup (1762) that made Catherine czarina brought him to her notice. Having distinguished himself in Catherine's first war with the Ott...
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Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference meeting (July 17-Aug. 2, 1945) of the principal Allies in World War II (the United States, the USSR, and Great Britain) to clarify and implement agreements previously reached at the Yalta Conference . The chief representatives were President Truman, Premier Stalin, Prime Ministe...
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altruism
altruism , concept in philosophy and psychology that holds that the interests of others, rather than of the self, can motivate an individual. The term was invented in the 19th cent. by the French philosopher Auguste Comte , who devised it as the opposite of egoism . Herbert Spencer and John Stua...
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Balder
Balder , Norse god of light; son of Odin and Frigg. He was the most beautiful and gracious of the gods of Asgard. His mother extracted oaths from all things in nature not to harm her son, but neglected the mistletoe. According to one legend Loki gave a dart of mistletoe to the blind god Hoder and ai...
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Concert of Europe
Concert of Europe term used in the 19th cent. to designate a loose agreement by the major European powers to act together on European questions of common interest. The concert emerged after the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) and included the Quadruple Alliance powers of Great Britain, Austria, Prus...
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