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Saint Joseph of Arimathea
Saint Joseph of Arimathea , in the New Testament, wealthy man, probably a member of the Sanhedrin, who gave the body of Jesus a decent burial. The Christian Church has always honored him. The stories connecting him with the Holy Grail and with the founding of Glastonbury are probably literary fi...
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Joseph Michel Montgolfier
Joseph Michel Montgolfier , 1740-1810, and Jacques Étienne Montgolfier , 1745-99, French inventors, brothers. Together they invented the first practical balloon . On June 5, 1783, they sent up at Annonay, near Lyons, a large linen bag inflated with hot air; its flight covered more than a ...
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Sir Joseph Wilson Swan
Sir Joseph Wilson Swan 1828-1914, English chemist and physicist. He made an incandescent lamp using a carbon filament (1860), 20 years before Edison's lamp. Noted for important contributions to photography as well, he devised the first commercially practical process for carbon printing, introduced ...
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Joseph II
Joseph II 1741-90, Holy Roman emperor (1765-90), king of Bohemia and Hungary (1780-90), son of Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I , whom he succeeded. He was the first emperor of the house of Hapsburg-Lorraine (see Hapsburg ).
Early Reign
From the death of his father (1765...
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Joseph Black
Joseph Black 1728-99, Scottish chemist and physician, b. France. He was professor of chemistry at Glasgow (1756-66) and from 1766 at Edinburgh. He is best known for his theories of latent heat and specific heat. He also laid the foundations of chemistry as an exact science in his investigations on ...
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Joseph Franklin Rutherford
Joseph Franklin Rutherford 1869-1942, American sectarian leader, b. Missouri. He became leader of the Jehovah's Witnesses (then called Russellites) after the death of the sect's founder, Charles T. Russell , in 1916. Under the direction of Rutherford the Witnesses' attack on the existing social ...
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Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Pierre Joseph Proudhon , 1809-65, French social theorist. Of a poor family, Proudhon won an education through scholarships. Much of his later life was spent in poverty. He achieved prominence through his pamphlet What Is Property? (1840, tr. 1876), in which he condemned the abuses of private prope...
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Joseph Arthur Gobineau, comte de
Joseph Arthur Gobineau, comte de , 1816-82, French diplomat and man of letters. The chief early French proponent of the theory of Nordic supremacy, he was antidemocratic and anti-Semitic. His major work was Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines (1853-55, tr. The Inequality of Hum...
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Asenath
Asenath , in the Bible, Poti-phera's daughter, the Egyptian wife of Joseph, mother of Manasseh and Ephraim. Her betrothal to Joseph and conversion to Judaism are the subject of Joseph and Asenath, one of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha .
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Potiphar
Potiphar , in the Bible, chief official of Pharaoh who bought Joseph and gave him a high position in his house. Later when his wife falsely accused Joseph, Potiphar put Joseph into prison.
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