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Ivan Stepanovich Konev
Ivan Stepanovich Konev , 1897-1973, Soviet field marshal. In World War II he reconquered (1944-45) Ukraine and S Poland from the Germans, took Silesia, and participated in the conquest of Czechoslovakia and the capture of Berlin. He became (1945) military governor of the Soviet occupation zone in Au...
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Romanov
Romanov , ruling dynasty of Russia from 1613 to 1917. The name Romanov was adopted in the 16th cent. by a family of boyars (great nobles) that traced its beginnings to the 14th cent. Czar Ivan IV took as his first wife Anastasia Romanov. Anastasia's brother, Nikita, was a regent for her son, Czar ...
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria , Bulgarian Balgarija, officially Republic of Bulgaria, republic (2005 est. pop. 7,450,000), 42,823 sq mi (110,912 sq km), SE Europe, on the E Balkan Peninsula. It is bounded by the Black Sea on the east, by Romania on the north, by Serbia and Macedonia on the west, by Greece on the south...
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Boris Godunov
Boris Godunov , c.1551-1605, czar of Russia (1598-1605). A favorite of Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), he helped organize Ivan's social and administrative system. After Ivan's death (1584), Boris became virtual ruler of Russia, ostensibly as regent for Ivan's young son Feodor I, who was married to Bo...
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Anna
Anna (Anna Ivanovna) , 1693-1740, czarina of Russia (1730-40), daughter of Ivan V and niece of Peter I (Peter the Great). On the death of her distant cousin, Peter II , she was chosen czarina by the supreme privy council, which thus hoped to gain power for itself. Anna signed articles limitin...
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Paul II
Paul II 1417-71, pope (1464-71), a Venetian named Pietro Barbo; successor of Pius II. He was a nephew of Eugene IV. A Renaissance pope, he patronized printing, beautified and improved Rome, and collected antiquities. Paul, like Pius II, was involved in struggles with the Bohemian George of Podebrad...
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Sedgemoor
Sedgemoor marshy tract in Somerset, SW England. The forces of James II defeated the duke of Monmouth at Sedgemoor in 1685.
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Elizabeth
Elizabeth 1709-62, czarina of Russia (1741-62), daughter of Peter I and Catherine I . She gained the throne by overthrowing the young czar, Ivan VI , and the regency of his mother, Anna Leopoldovna. Her coup was made possible by her popularity with the imperial guards, who hated the German favo...
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Kazan
Kazan , city (1989 est. pop. 1,094,000), capital of Tatarstan , E European Russia, on the Volga. It is a major historic, cultural, industrial, and commercial center. Manufactures include chemicals, explosives, electrical equipment, building materials, consumer goods, and furs. Kazan's port and ship...
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empire of Nicaea
empire of Nicaea 1204-61. In 1204 the armies of the Fourth Crusade set up the Latin Empire of Constantinople, but the Crusaders' influence did not extend over the entire Byzantine Empire. Several Greek successor states, chief among them the empire of Nicaea, sprang up (see also Epirus, despotate o...
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