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Bauhaus
Bauhaus , school of art and architecture in Germany. The Bauhaus revolutionized art training by combining the teaching of the pure arts with the study of crafts. Philosophically, the school was built on the idea that design did not merely reflect society, it could actually help to improve it. The Ba...
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Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg , 1883-1931, Dutch painter, teacher, and writer. Together with Mondrian he founded the magazine De Stijl and successfully proselytized in Europe for the new aesthetic of abstraction, simplicity, clarity, and harmony. He influenced Gropius and taught at the Bauhaus and in Berlin f...
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Hannes Meyer
Hannes Meyer , 1889-1954, Swiss architect. Meyer was a lecturer and studio master at the Bauhaus in Dessau. He succeeded Gropius as its director (1928-30). Meyer is noted for his rejection of the concept of individual design in favor of designs produced by the collaboration of architects. He worke...
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Oskar Schlemmer
Oskar Schlemmer , 1888-1943, German painter and stage designer. Known for his mechanical, geometricized forms, Schlemmer taught painting, sculpture, and stage design at the Bauhaus (1920-29). He created the Triadic Ballet to Hindemith's music. In sculpture he experimented with plastic relief in ...
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László Moholy-Nagy
László Moholy-Nagy , 1895-1946, Hungarian painter, designer, and experimental photographer. He turned to art after studying law. While living in Berlin he was one of the founders of constructivism , experimenting with photograms and translucent materials. As a professor in the newly o...
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functionalism
functionalism in art and architecture, an aesthetic doctrine developed in the early 20th cent. out of Louis Henry Sullivan's aphorism that form ever follows function. Functionalist architects and artists design utilitarian structures in which the interior program dictates the outward form, without ...
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International style
International style in architecture, the phase of the modern movement that emerged in Europe and the United States during the 1920s. The term was first used by Philip Johnson in connection with a 1932 architectural exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Architects working in ...
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suprematism
suprematism Russian art movement founded (1913) by Casimir Malevich in Moscow, parallel to constructivism . Malevich drew Aleksandr Rodchenko and El Lissitzky to his revolutionary, nonobjective art. In Malevich's words, suprematism sought "to liberate art from the ballast of the representati...
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Josef Albers
Josef Albers , 1888-1976, German-American painter, printmaker, designer, and teacher, b. Bottrop, Germany. After working at the Bauhaus (1920-33), Albers and his wife, the textile designer and weaver Anni Albers, emigrated to the United States when Hitler came to power. Albers taught throughout th...
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Naum Gabo
Naum Gabo , 1890-1977, Russian sculptor, architect, theorist, and teacher, brother of Antoine Pevsner . Gabo lived in Munich and Norway until the end of the revolution, when he returned to Russia. With Pevsner he wrote the Realist Manifesto (1920), which proposed that new concepts of time and spa...
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