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Henry Stuart Darnley, Lord
Henry Stuart Darnley, Lord 1545-67, second husband of Mary Queen of Scots and father of James I of England (James VI of Scotland). His mother was Margaret Douglas, the daughter of Archibald Douglas, earl of Angus, and Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England; this made Darnley a candidate...
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Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart), 1542-87, only child of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise . Through her grandmother Margaret Tudor , Mary had the strongest claim to the throne of England after the children of Henry VIII. This claim (and her Roman Catholicism) made Mary a threat to Elizabet...
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Arabella Stuart
Arabella Stuart 1575-1615, cousin of James I of England (James VI of Scotland). She was the daughter of Charles Stuart, earl of Lennox, younger brother of Lord Darnley , and her descent from Henry VIII's sister Margaret Tudor placed her next after James in the line of succession to Elizabeth I o...
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David Rizzio
David Rizzio , 1533?-1566, favorite of Mary Queen of Scots . He was a Piedmontese musician (also called Riccio) who arrived (1561) in Scotland with the ambassador from Savoy. He came to the notice of Queen Mary and toward the end of 1564 became her secretary for French affairs. The trust that Mary ...
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Sir Nicholas Throckmorton
Sir Nicholas Throckmorton 1515-71, English diplomat. A relative of Catherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII, he became a staunch Protestant and gained the favor of the young Edward VI, who knighted him in 1547. He supported, for a time, the claims of Lady Jane Grey to the throne, and in 1554 h...
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Archibald Campbell Argyll, 5th earl of
Archibald Campbell Argyll, 5th earl of 1530-73, Scottish statesman. He and Lord James Stuart (later earl of Murray) became followers of John Knox in 1556 and led the troops of the Scottish Protestants, the lords of the congregation, against those of the Roman Catholic regent, Mary of Guise. Won ove...
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John Stuart, 4th earl of Atholl
John Stuart, 4th earl of Atholl , d. 1579, Scottish nobleman. He succeeded his father to the earldom in 1542. A supporter of Mary of Guise , in 1559 he voted in Parliament against the Protestant confession of faith and expressed his adherence to Catholicism. He became a member of the council of Ma...
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James Hepburn Bothwell, 4th earl of
James Hepburn Bothwell, 4th earl of , 1536?-1578, Scottish nobleman; third husband of Mary Queen of Scots . Though a Protestant, he was a strong partisan of the Catholic regent, Mary of Guise, mother of Mary Queen of Scots. In 1562, Bothwell's old enemy, James Hamilton, earl of Arran, accused Bothw...
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Holyrood Palace
Holyrood Palace [i.e., holy cross], royal residence, Edinburgh, SE Scotland. In 1128, David I founded Holyrood Abbey on this site, where according to legend he was saved from an infuriated stag by the miraculous interception of a cross. The abbey's Chapel Royal, still standing, contains the remains...
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James Douglas Morton, 4th earl of
James Douglas Morton, 4th earl of d. 1581, Scottish nobleman. A nephew of Archibald Douglas, 6th earl of Angus, he married Elizabeth Douglas, from whose father he inherited (1553) the earldom of Morton. A member of the Protestant party, he became lord high chancellor to Mary Queen of Scots in 156...
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