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jurisprudence
jurisprudence , study of the nature and the origin and development of law . It is variously regarded as a branch of ethics or of sociology. Many of the major systematic philosophers (e.g., Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, and Kant) have expounded jurisprudential theories. Before the 19th cent. most j...
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Friedrich Franz Karl Hecker
Friedrich Franz Karl Hecker , 1811-81, German revolutionary. A lawyer, he was a leader of the radical republicans in the grand duchy of Baden and during the revolutionary agitation of 1847-49 in Germany, he helped organize the demands for democratic parliamentary government. Prior to the meeting of ...
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Friedrich von Flotow
Friedrich von Flotow , 1812-83, German operatic composer. Flotow's operas show the influence of French opéra comique, which set the tone for light opera in the 19th cent. Many of his 29 operas were translated into English, French, or Italian for performances throughout Europe. The most succes...
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Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf
Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf , 1739-99, Austrian composer and violinist. He was a successful opera and symphony composer in Vienna and an important precursor of Mozart in these forms. The comic opera Doktor und Apotheker (1786) is his best-remembered work. He also composed numerous symphonies, ora...
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Leopold Karl Walter Kalckreuth, Graf von
Leopold Karl Walter Kalckreuth, Graf von , 1855-1928, German painter and graphic artist. He taught at the Weimar and Karlsruhe academies and directed the Stuttgart Academy (1900-1905). Although noted for his somber early paintings of peasant women, he later abandoned naturalism for symbolist art.
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Karl von Piloty
Karl von Piloty , 1826-86, German historical painter; son of Ferdinand Piloty (1786-1844), a noted German lithographer. Karl first won recognition for his genre paintings, such as The Nurse (1853). He soon specialized in historical paintings, which were famous in his day for realism and emphasis o...
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Sir Karl Raimund Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper 1902-94, Anglo-Austrian philosopher, b. Vienna. He became familiar with the Vienna circle of logical positivists (see logical positivism ) while a student at the Univ. of Vienna (Ph.D., 1928). He taught at Canterbury Univ., New Zealand (1937-45), and then at the London Scho...
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Adolf von Baeyer
Adolf von Baeyer (Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer) , 1835-1917, German chemist. He taught at Berlin and Strasbourg and in 1875 succeeded Liebig at Munich. For his work in organic chemistry, especially that on organic dyes and the hydroaromatic compounds, he received the 1905 Nobel Prize ...
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German literature
German literature works in the German language by German, Austrian, Austro-Hungarian, and Swiss authors, as well as by writers of German in other countries.
Old and Middle High German: From Early to Medieval Literature
Heroic legends, among them the Lay of Hildebrand, date from the turn...
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Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel , 1781-1841, German architect and painter. A member of the Berlin Academy, he became a professor in 1820. He also worked in lithography, etching, and illustration, but he attained real distinction as the official state architect of Prussia. Schinkel designed primarily in the ...
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