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Volgograd
Volgograd , formerly Stalingrad, city (1989 pop. 999,000), capital of Volgograd region, SE European Russia, a port on the Volga River and the eastern terminus of the Volga-Don Canal. As a transshipment point, the port handles oil, coal, ore, lumber, and fish. Volgograd is also a major rail cente...
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Fedor von Bock
Fedor von Bock , 1880-1945, German field marshal. During World War II he led German armies in Poland, the Low Countries, France, and Russia. In 1941 he failed to take Moscow and was relieved of his command. In 1942 he commanded the army against Stalingrad (now Volgograd) but was removed by Adolf Hit...
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Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky
Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky , 1898-1967, Soviet marshal, b. Ukraine. He joined the Communist party in 1926. In World War II Malinovsky commanded an army in the Stalingrad (later Volgograd) offensive and later in Ukraine. He became (1956) a member of the central committee of the Communist party and...
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Friedrich Paulus
Friedrich Paulus , 1890-1957, German field marshal. He commanded the army at the siege of Stalingrad and was raised to marshal's rank several hours before his surrender (Jan., 1943) to the Russians. In captivity he joined the Russian-sponsored National Committee for a Free Germany and appealed to th...
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Don
Don , river, SW European Russia. It rises SE of Tula and flows c.1,200 mi (1,930 km), first SE past Voronezh, then SW into the Sea of Azov. At its eastern bend the Don is linked by a canal (c.65 mi/105 m long), with the Volga River near Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad). The annual flood of the river ...
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Konstantin Rokossovsky
Konstantin Rokossovsky , 1896-1968, Soviet general, b. Warsaw. He entered the czarist army and in 1917 joined the Bolshevik forces in the Russian Revolution. Purged in 1937, he was rehabilitated in 1940. In World War II he distinguished himself at Moscow, Stalingrad (later Volgograd), and Kursk and ...
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Georgi Konstantinovich Zhukov
Georgi Konstantinovich Zhukov , 1896-1974, Soviet marshal. He fought in the October Revolution (1917) and in the civil war (1918-20), which brought the Bolsheviks to power, and saw action against the Japanese on the Manchurian border (1938-39) and in the Finnish-Russian War. Promoted to full general...
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Vasily Semenovich Grossman
Vasily Semenovich Grossman 1905-64, Russian novelist and journalist, b. Berdichev, Ukraine. He graduated (1929) from Moscow State Univ., published novels and short stories, and became a noted Russian war correspondent during World War II. Although he began objecting to Stalin's support of anti-Semi...
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World War II
World War II 1939-45, worldwide conflict involving every major power in the world. The two sides were generally known as the Allies and the Axis .
Causes and Outbreak
This second global conflict resulted from the rise of totalitarian, militaristic regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan, a ...
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler , 1889-1945, founder and leader of National Socialism (Nazism), and German dictator, b. Braunau in Upper Austria.
Early Life
The son of Alois Hitler (1837-1903), an Austrian customs official, Adolf Hitler dropped out of high school, and after his mother's death in 1907 moved...
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