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Toynbee, Arnold Joseph

The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1889–1975), historian. His great work A Study of History (10 vols, 1934–54) is a survey of the chief civilizations of the world, and an enquiry into cycles of creativity and decay. His view that the fragmentation and waning of Western civilization could already be detected, and that hope lay in a new universal religion which would recapture ‘spiritual initiative’, aroused much controversy. His other works include Civilization on Trial (1948) and The World and the West (1953). His son Philip Toynbee (1916–81) was a critic and novelist.

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© The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature 2003, originally published by Oxford University Press 2003.

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