Flash smelting and converting furnaces: A 50 year retrospect

JOM | February 1, 2000| | Copyright

1999 marked the 50th anniversary of the Outokumpu flash-smelting process. Originating during the post-World War II energy crisis,flash smelting is a high-intensity process developed to attain ever-increasing throughputs and intensities. Many innovations and continuous development ensued during the next 50 years before today's stateof-the-art copper-making process chain and environmental benchmarking technology (e.g., Outokumpu flash smelting, Kennecott-- Outokumpu flash converting, and flash technology) became possible. This article reviews how Outokumpu flash furnace design, especially ...

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