Cumulus cloud formulations for longwave radiation calculations

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences | March 15, 1999| | Copyright

ABSTRACT

Longwave radiative transfer under broken cloud conditions is often treated as a problem in cloud bulk geometry, especially for cumulus clouds, because individual clouds are nearly black. However, climate models ignore cloud geometry and estimate the effects of broken cumulus clouds as the cloud amount weighted average of clear and black cloud overcast conditions (i.e., the black plate approximation). To overcome the simplicity of the black plate approximation, the authors developed a more generalized form of cloud geometrical effects on the effective cloud fraction. Following ...

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