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Tryptophan scanning of D1S6 and D4S6 C-termini in voltage-gated sodium channels
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ABSTRACT Recent reports suggest that four S6 C-termini may jointly close the voltage-gated cation channel at the cytoplasmic side, probably as an inverted teepee structure. In this study we substituted individually a total of 18 residues at D1S6 and D4S6 C-terminal ends of the rNav1.4 Na+ channel [alpha]-subunit with tryptophan (W) and examined their corresponding gating properties when expressed in Hek293t cells along with [nu]1 subunit. Several W-mutants displayed significant changes in activation, fast inactivation, and/or slow inactivation gating. In particular, five S6 W-mutants showed ...
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Tryptophan Substitution of a Putative D4S6 Gating Hinge Alters Slow Inactivation in Cardiac Sodium Channels
; ...and steady-state fast inactivation were observed...intracellular fast-inactivation gate caused such...Catterall, 2000). The Na+ channel α-subunit...and the inherent fast-inactivation gate at the D3-...cardiac hNav1.5 Na+ channels is less...after removal of ...
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Theoretical Investigation of the Neuronal Na^sup +^ Channel SCN1A: Abnormal Gating and Epilepsy
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Ca-signaling G-protein-coupled receptors: A new site of local anesthetic action?
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Specific neosaxitoxin interactions with the Na(+) channel outer vestibule determined by mutant cycle analysis
; ABSTRACT The voltage-gated Na+ channel a-subunit consists of four homologous...affinity for the adult rat skeletal muscle Na+ channel (III or Scn4a) than for STX ((delta)G...g-conotoxin Arg- 13 and the skeletal muscle Na+ channel localized by mutant cycle analysis. Biochemistry...
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Sodium Channels: Ionic Model of Slow Inactivation and State-Dependent Drug Binding
; ...property of voltage-gated ion channels. Fast inactivation of Na+ channels involves channel...the channel (1). The mechanism of fast inactivation is well understood. After pore opening...domains III and IV is responsible for fast inactivation. Deletion of the linker and specific...
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Batrachotoxin-resistant Na+ channels derived from point mutations in transmembrane segment D4-S6
; ...receptor within the D4-S6 segment of the Na+ channel alpha-subunit, whereas the putative BTX...primary target of BTX is the voltage-gated Na+ channel, which is essential for the propagation...1980; Hille, 1992b). Classified as a Na+ channel activator, BTX binds specifically to...
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Modeling of Single Noninactivating Na+ Channels: Evidence for Two Open and Several Fast Inactivated States
; ...cells. Defects in fast Na+ channel inactivation can cause...shown to be important for fast inactivation (D3-D4-linker, D3/S4-S5...distinct grades of defective fast inactivation with varying levels of...the mutants with impaired fast inactivation revealed evidence for ...
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Membrane stretch affects gating models of a skeletal muscle sodium channel
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Caveolin-3 Is Adjacent to a Group of Extradyadic Ryanodine Receptors
; ...Ca^sup 2+^ exchanger, the predominant Na+ channel isoform rH1, and the L-type calcium channel...either the Na+/Ca^sup 2+^ exchanger or the Na+ channel in the cell interior. The distribution...ATPase (11); the Na+/K+-ATPase (12); the Na+ channel (13); the Na+/Ca^sup 2+^ exchanger ...
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Outer and central charged residues in DIVS4 of skeletal muscle sodium channels have differing roles in deactivation
; ...residues in DIVS4 couple activation to fast inactivation (Chahine et al., 1994; Chen et al...DIV is an important component of fast inactivation (Vassilev et al., 1988; West et al...et al., 1996; Horn et al., 2000). Fast inactivation is accompanied by immobilization...
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