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Optimal measurement of surface shortwave irradiance using current instrumentation
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ABSTRACT
Although most measurements of total downwelling shortwave irradiance are made with pyranometers, the World Climate Research Program's Baseline Surface Radiation Network has recommended the use of the summation of shortwave components in which the direct normal irradiance is measured and multiplied by the cosine of the solar zenith angle and then added to the diffuse horizontal irradiance measured by a pyranometer that is shaded from direct solar radiation by a disk. The nonideal angular response of most pyranometers limits their accuracy to about 3%, or 20-30 W m^sup -2^, for ...
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Means and trends of shortwave irradiance at the surface estimated from global energy balance archive data
; ABSTRACT Means and trends of shortwave irradiance at the earth's surface are calculated...contains the most comprehensive set of shortwave irradiance monthly means. The relative random...approximately 2% of a yearly mean. The shortwave irradiance yearly means are analyzed in a 2...
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Estimation of surface and top-of-atmosphere shortwave irradiance in biomass-burning regions during SCAR-B
; ...radiative transfer model is used to estimate the downward shortwave irradiance (DSWI) and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave aerosol...groundbased data from SCAR-B to examine the downward shortwave irradiance (DSWI) and TOA shortwave aerosol radiative forcing values...
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Computation of domain-averaged shortwave irradiance by a one-dimensional algorithm incorporating correlations between optical thickness and direct incident radiation
; ...developed to compute the domain-averaged shortwave irradiance profile. It divides the direct irradiance...features affect the domain-averaged shortwave irradiance (Morcrette and Fouquart 1986; Chen...unbiased estimate of domain-averaged shortwave irradiance for marine boundary layer ...
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Twilight irradiance reflected by the Earth estimated from clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements
; ABSTRACT The upward shortwave irradiance at the top of the atmosphere...defined as the upward shortwave irradiance at the top of the atmosphere...daily average reflected shortwave irradiance. For the estimate, we...
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Computation of Domain-Averaged Irradiance Using Satellite-Derived Cloud Properties
; ...gamma-weighted two-stream approximation and the effective thickness approximation for computing the domain-averaged broadband shortwave irradiance are evaluated using cloud optical thicknesses derived from 1 h of radiance measurements by the Moderate Resolution Imaging...
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The Relative Importance of Clouds and Sea Ice for the Solar Energy Budget of the Southern Ocean
; ...depth are used, together with distributions of surface albedo, to estimate the geographical and seasonal variations of shortwave irradiance and cloud radiative forcing at the surface, both for the present climate and for altered surface and cloud conditions...
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Physics and stamp collecting: Comments arising from "The NOAA Integrated Surface Irradiance Study (ISIS)--A New Surface Radiation Monitoring Program"
; ...reestablishing the network detailed by Hicks et al., there is an urgent need to monitor the trends in global irradiance-the total shortwave irradiance from sun and sky reaching the earth's surface. These are now emerging as an important although hitherto neglected element...
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Evaluation of Meteorological Models MM5 and HOTMAC Using PAFEX-I Data
; ...lateral boundary condition used. The cold bias observed in HOTMAC results appears to be caused by the attenuation of shortwave irradiance within the canopy layer and the assumption of horizontal homogeneity in initialization. Differences in the formulation...
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Estimation of Daylight Downward Longwave Atmospheric Irradiance under Clear-Sky and All-Sky Conditions
; ...downward longwave irradiance under "all-sky" conditions has been developed based on clear-sky schemes and solar global shortwave irradiance, and, after comparing measured and estimated values by calibrated schemes, it has been found that the Idso and Brunt...
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Cloud coverage based on all-sky imaging and its impact on surface solar irradiance
; ...properties, from ground as well as from satellites, proves to be a challenge. Understanding the effects of clouds on the shortwave irradiance is of importance for radiative energy budget studies because clouds play a critical role in regulating the amount of...
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