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The papacy and canon law in the eleventh-century reform
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In the eleventh and early twelfth century the age-old Christian concepts of individual renewal, renovation, restoration, and reformation took on a new and wider meaning. The ideal of individual Christian renewal was linked with the notion of the renewal of society as a whole, that is to say of the Church as a whole.1 This renewal, a remarkable unfolding of intellectual sophistication, coincided not only chronologically with what is justly called the "Twelfth-Century Renaissance"; it was part and parcel of the same developments.2 They were accompanied by a new emphasis on ancient as well as ...
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The horseman in King James I.(Essay)
Magazine article from: The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide
; ...FROM 1615 TO 1625, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham was the favorite and...of King James I. Villiers parlayed his homosexuality...veterinary medicine. Villiers' grab for the Sheffield...His father, Sir George Villiers, was a threadbare...
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Making Spanish connections
Magazine article from: The Spectator
; ...that extraordinary chancer, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. They were accompanied only by one of Buckingham's boyfriends, James Hamilton...held the horses, a sweaty Buckingham talked his way past the door...
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