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John XXIII, BI

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

John XXIII, BI (1881–1963), Pope from 1958. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli came of a large peasant family near Bergamo. In 1925 he became Bp. of Areopolis and Vicar Apostolic to Bulgaria; in 1934 he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece; while in the Balkans he established good relations with the Orthodox. In 1944 he was sent as Papal Nuncio to Paris, and in 1953 he was created a cardinal and later in the year Patr. of Venice.

Elected Pope at the age of 77, he proposed to the cardinals three undertakings: a diocesan synod for Rome, an oecumenical council for the Church, and a revision of the code of canon law. The synod was held in 1960 and dealt with local problems. The Second Vatican Council (q.v.) was the most important event in his pontificate. He attributed the idea of convening it to the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, and he gave to the Council the task of renewing the religious life of the Church; it was to express the substance of the faith in new language and bring up to date its discipline and organization, with the ultimate aim of the unity of all Christians. In 1960 he set up the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity and invited to the Council observers from other Churches. He opened and closed the first session of the Council, once intervening to encourage those in favour of change. In 1961 the RC Church was for the first time represented at an Assembly of the World Council of Churches. Throughout his pontificate there was a feeling that there was a desire in the RC Church to soften the obstacles to reunion with other Christian bodies, while he sought to improve relations with Judaism by removing from the Good Friday liturgy the passages which caused most offence.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "John XXIII, BI." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 29 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "John XXIII, BI." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (November 29, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-JohnXXIIIBI.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "John XXIII, BI." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved November 29, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-JohnXXIIIBI.html

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