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Jerome, St

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Jerome, St (c.345–420), biblical scholar. He was born near Aquileia. About 374 he set off for Palestine. He spent some time in Antioch and then lived for four or five years as a hermit in the Syrian desert; here he learnt Hebrew. From 382 to 385 he was in Rome, where he acted as secretary to Pope Damasus and successfully preached asceticism (see MELANIA; PAULA). In 386 he settled in Bethlehem, where he ruled over a newly-founded monastery.

Jerome's scholarship was unsurpassed in the early Church. His greatest achievement was his translation of most of the Bible into Latin from the original languages (see VULGATE). He also wrote many biblical commentaries. He advocated that the Church should accept the Hebrew Canon of Scripture, excluding the Books which came to be called the Apocrypha. He translated and continued Eusebius's ‘Chronicle’, compiled a bibliography of ecclesiastical writers (De Viris Illustribus), and translated into Latin works by Origen and Didymus. He attacked Arianism, Pelagianism, and Origenism. Some of his letters advocate extreme asceticism. Feast day, 30 Sept. See also PSALTER.

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