Ignatius Loyola, St

Ignatius Loyola, St (probably 1491–1556), founder of the Jesuits. Of noble Spanish family, he embarked on a military career, but was wounded in 1521. He hung up his sword at Montserrat. During a year at Manresa (1522–3), he underwent a series of spiritual experiences from which he derived many of the insights contained in the Spiritual Exercises (q.v.). After a visit to Jerusalem, he studied in Spain and France (1524–35). In 1534 he and six companions made a vow of lifelong poverty and service to others, either in the Holy Land or, if that was not possible, wherever the Pope should send them. Turkish attacks prevented them from sailing for Jerusalem. Outside Rome Ignatius had a vision of himself being accepted as a servant by Christ, at the Father's request. In 1540 the group was constituted as the Society of Jesus, with Ignatius as its first General. His aim was to rekindle religious fervour and practice in the Church through a more efficacious ministry. He also gave priority to missionary work outside Europe and, after 1548, to education. Feast day, 31 July.