Gregory VII, St
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
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2000
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Gregory VII, St (d. 1085), Pope from 1073. Hildebrand was probably born
c.1015; certainly not later than 1034. Educated in a monastery at Rome, he took monastic vows. He was chaplain to Pope Gregory VI and after the accession of
Leo IX (1049) exercised great influence. As Pope, he extended his work for the reform and moral revival of the Church by issuing decrees against the
simony and incontinence of the clergy in 1074. These measures, which were enforced by Papal legates, were strongly opposed, especially in France and Germany. In Germany
Henry IV, threatened with excommunication and deposition, held two synods which declared the Pope deposed (1076). Gregory then deposed and excommunicated Henry and freed his subjects from their oath of allegiance. Henry submitted to the Pope at
Canossa in 1077, did penance, and was absolved from his censures. The German princes nevertheless elected Rudolf of Rheinfelden as German king. Gregory did not recognize him until 1080, when he again excommunicated Henry, who had not fulfilled the promises made at Canossa. Henry set up an antipope and took Rome in 1084. Gregory was freed by Norman troops but died at Salerno. Feast day, 25 May.
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Octobre encore echappe echappe belle (made it through, just barely made it through). (25th anniversary of Front de Liberation du Quebec's manifesto, independence of Quebec)
Magazine article from: Canadian Dimension; 10/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...1970. Of the October Crisis in Quebec in that year. It is also the...how, after the October Crisis, Quebec escaped the polarization and violence...true things that were said in the Front de Liberation du Quebec's manifesto of 1970. "There...
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Terrorist past fails to deter nomination of judge in Quebec Role in 1970 murder triggers outrage
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 11/15/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...separatist, hardly a crime in Quebec. What investigators somehow missed...and murder of a pro-federalist Quebec official in 1970, a publicized...bombings and killings by the radical Front de Liberation du Quebec, or FLQ. That oversight came...
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BIKER WAR ALARMS QUEBEC LEADERS AUTHORITIES SEEK WAIVER OF RIGHTS, LAWS THAT ALLOW MAJOR CRACKDOWN
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 9/18/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...ambush and wounding of a prominent Quebec journalist, an attack suspected...the work of a biker hit squad, Quebec leaders are comparing the mounting...peacefulness - when the revolutionary Front de Liberation du Quebec exploded bombs, kidnapped politicians...
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Secessionist violence on rise in Quebec struggle
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 12/26/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...against those committed to keeping Quebec in Canada," said Brent D. Tyler...the quest for an independent Quebec has been astonishingly free of...kidnappings by the ultra-radical Front de Liberation du Quebec, better known by its acronym...
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Quebec's lesson: a path of peaceful separatism.
Magazine article from: Harvard International Review; 6/22/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...outpaced Lower Canada (now Quebec) in its industrialization, so...now-famous epigram, "Vive le Quebec libre!" Ottawa immediately asked...separatists calling themselves the Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) began a campaign of angry...
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Parlez-Vous Anglais?;Quebec Court Ruling Revives Language Strains of '60s
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 3/14/1987; ; 700+ words
; ...flare-ups are the work of the Front de Liberation du Quebec, the underground band of radicals...and the kidnap-murder of the Quebec minister of labor and immigration...to impose martial law. The Quebec front was dismantled. Most Quebecois...
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Diehards with a vengeance: the FLQ attempts to stoke the fires of the flagging Quebec independence movement.(QUEBEC)
Magazine article from: Western Standard; 2/26/2007; ; 700+ words
; ON Jan. 15, the notorious Front de liberation du Quebec issued a communique, the second...Royal declared her support of "Quebec's freedom." [ILLUSTRATION...a Montreal balcony: "Vive le Quebec libre." His incendiary declaration...
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Quebec Premier Steps Down, Citing Separatists' Decline; Bouchard Failed to Revive Support for Independence
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 1/12/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...said they would vote in favor of Quebec separating. In 1980, the Parti...all," Morton said. Whether Quebec will stay or go has been a defining...a separatist group called the Front de Liberation du Quebec kidnapped British diplomat James...
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Former Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa Dies
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 10/3/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...Bourassa mirrored the mood swings of Quebec politics. "He was a reflection of what Quebecers are," said Quebec Premier Lucien Bouchard, leader...fall, however, when the radical Front de Liberation du Quebec kidnapped British Trade Commissioner...
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 "The Toronto Star (Toronto, Ontario)")
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Quebec government fumes as FLQ crashes Plains party.(News)
Newspaper article from: The Toronto Star (Toronto, Ontario); 9/5/2009; 700+ words
; QUEBEC CITY -- The Quebec government is accusing organizers of an event commemorating...particularly critical of organizers for including a reading of the Front de liberation du Quebec manifesto. The FLQ, which conducted bombing campaigns and...
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Quebec Liberation Front
Book article from: A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
Quebec Liberation Front, see Front de Libération du Québec
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Front de Libération du Québec
Book article from: A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
Front de Libération du Québec ( Quebec Liberation Front ) A terrorist organization...for the Canadian province of Quebec . It caused over 200 bombings...Commissioner James Cross and the Quebec Liberal minister Pierre Laporte...
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Trudeau, Pierre Elliott
Book article from: A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
...particularist demands of Quebec. In 1968, Trudeau became...Minister. In 1970, the Quebec Cabinet Minister Pierre...killed) by the terrorist Front de Libération du Québec (Quebec Liberation Front). In response...
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