Coptic Church
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
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2000
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information)
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Coptic Church. One of the
Oriental Orthodox Churches. According to tradition the Church in Egypt was founded by St
Mark;
Alexandria was one of the chief sees in the early Church. The Egyptian Church suffered severely in the persecution under
Diocletian. In the 4th cent.
monasticism was founded in Egypt by St
Antony and others. Most of the Copts rejected the Council of
Chalcedon's Definition of the two natures in the incarnate Christ and became increasingly isolated from the rest of Christendom. The Orthodox (
Melchite) body established in Alexandria received little support from the native population. In Upper Egypt, however, there was a rapid development of monasticism. In the 7th cent. the Copts were conquered by the Arabs, whose rule has lasted to the present day. Outside Egypt there are Coptic dioceses at
Jerusalem, in the
Sudan,
Kenya,
France, and the USA. The
Ethiopian Church is an autonomous daughter of the Egyptian Church. There is also a small
Uniat Coptic Church dating from 1741, when Athanasius, the Coptic Bishop of Jerusalem, joined the RC Church.
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