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Alexander II

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Alexander II (d. 1073), Pope from 1061. He had been Bp. of Lucca. Elected Pope with the support of Hildebrand (later Gregory VII), he was enthroned without the support of the Emp. Henry IV, who had an antipope ( Honorius II) elected. Generally recognized as Pope from 1064, Alexander tried to realize the ideals of the reforming party. He renewed the decrees against simony and enforcing clerical celibacy, laid down regulations for the freedom of episcopal elections, and legislated on matrimony, and took strong action to enforce these measures. His blessing was given to William I's invasion of England.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alexander II." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alexander II." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (November 12, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AlexanderII.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alexander II." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved November 12, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AlexanderII.html

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Statue of Czar Alexander II unveiled in Moscow
News Wire article from: AP Worldstream; 6/7/2005; ; 643 words ; ...Dateline: MOSCOW A statue of Czar Alexander II, a reformist 19th century leader...Yegor Gaidar said a monument to Alexander II would have been unthinkable 20...we would be building a statue of Alexander II in the center of Moscow," he...
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Magazine article from: Canadian Slavonic Papers; 3/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...G. Moss. Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, London...period from the Crimean War to Alexander II's assassination. The book is...Readers learn little about why Alexander II abandoned his empress for Catherine...
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Mercury Computer Systems Elects John Alexander II CFO; G. Mead Wyman to Retire.
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Gorbachev Evokes Image of Czar;Soviet Leader, Alexander II Both Stirred E. Europe's Imagination
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In a field of its own; (1) King of the century: Alexander II (2) Unique find: The ring is the first of its kind discovered in Scotland (3) Lucky finder: Gordon Innes.
Newspaper article from: The Daily Mail (London, England); 6/12/2008; 700+ words ; ...overtheir ownership. From the early part of the century, Alexander II reigned over a period of peaceuntil 1230, when Norway...invaded Scotland's Norwegian territories,before Alexander II died in the summer of 1249..

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Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...son of Czar Paul I, Alexander was born on Dec. 12...grandmother, Empress Catherine II. His principal tutor...for its philosophy. Alexander did not master the Russian...the court of Catherine II, Alexander was groomed to become...

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