spirit
spirit The Hebrew
ruach means wind (Exod. 10: 13) or breath (Gen. 6: 17) or divine power (Ezek. 37: 9 f.) All imply something awesome. In the NT the Greek
pneuma has a width of meaning—the spirit would come as fire and
judgement (Matt. 3: 11 f.), its coming on the
disciples at
Pentecost resembled fire (Acts 2: 3) but the sound was like wind (Greek,
pneuma). Prefaced by the adjective ‘holy’, the reference is to the divine Spirit, or Spirit of God. As such it is not mentioned very much in the synoptic gospels, since in Christian belief this Spirit was not given before the Lord's
resurrection/glorification (John 7: 39). But at a few significant and exceptional moments the Spirit is said to come—at Jesus' conception (Luke 1: 35) and
baptism (Luke 3: 16 f.). He was driven by the Spirit into the
wilderness (Mark 1: 12). The Spirit is promised to the disciples (Mark 13: 11; Luke 11: 13) and the promise is fulfilled for the assembled Church at
Pentecost (Acts 2) and on individuals at the beginning of their new life (Gal. 3: 2 f.; Rom. 8: 9 ff. Cf. John 3: 3 ff.). The coming of the Spirit brought
joy (a word which sometimes seems equivalent to Spirit, as in Acts 8: 39) and a variety of gifts (1 Cor. 12: 4 ff.) for building up the Church. The Spirit reveals new truth to every generation (John 14: 26; 16: 12 f.) and it is by the Spirit that the believer is enabled to recognize who Jesus is (1 Cor. 12: 3) and to follow his example (2 Cor. 3: 18).
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Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists in the Medical Management of Chronic Heart Failure
Magazine article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 12/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; The benefits of aldosterone receptor antagonists (spironolactone...proposed mechanisms of action of aldosterone antagonists are (1) inhibition...Like many hormone receptors, the aldosterone receptor can be either nuclear or...
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Aldosterone-induced Sgk1 relieves Dot1a-Af9-mediated transcriptional repression of epithelial [Na.sup.+] channel [alpha].(Research article)
Magazine article from: Journal of Clinical Investigation; 3/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; Aldosterone plays a major role in the regulation...cardiovascular and renal diseases. Many aldosterone-regulated genes--including that...as the release of this repression by aldosterone treatment. Here we provide evidence...
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Does the aldosterone: renin ratio predict the efficacy of spironolactone over bendroflumethiazide in hypertension? A clinical trial protocol for RENALDO (RENin-ALDOsterone) study.(Study protocol)
Magazine article from: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders; 5/9/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...antihypertensive control would be to target aldosterone antagonists towards patients in whom...characterised by excessive excretion of aldosterone with concomitant suppression of renin...with hypertension. However, neither aldosterone excretion nor plasma renin activity...
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Validity of the aldosterone-renin ratio used to screen for primary aldosteronism
Magazine article from: Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 9/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...whether the calculated ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to plasma renin...independent measure of circulating aldosterone that is suitable to judge whether PAC...d). Results: The variation in the aldosterone-renin ratio was strongly and inversely...
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Non-genomic effects of aldosterone on intracellular ion regulation and cell volume in rat ventricular myocytes.
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology; 2/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; Abstract: Aldosterone has non-genomic effects that express...However, it is still undefined whether aldosterone actually alters intracellular ion...clarify the non-genomic effects of aldosterone, we measured [[[Na.sup...
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Automated Chemiluminescence-Immunoassay for Aldosterone during Dynamic Testing: Comparison to Radioimmunoassays with and without Extraction Steps
Magazine article from: Clinical Chemistry; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; Background: Measurements of aldosterone have become more common since...sampling. In all blood samples, aldosterone concentration was measured by...available RIAs without extraction (Aldosterone Maia, Adaltis; Active Aldosterone...
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Cardiovascular benefits of aldosterone receptor antagonists
Magazine article from: Climacteric; 10/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...in addition to the classic effects of aldosterone on sodium retention, blood volume, blood pressure and potassium homeostasis, aldosterone is involved in fibrotic end-organ...myocardial infarction by the addition of an aldosterone receptor antagonist to standard therapy...
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Aldosterone is relevant for determination of left ventricular mass.
Newspaper article from: Heart Disease Weekly; 4/20/2003; 700 words
; ...NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- Aldosterone is relevant for determination of left...experimental studies, the importance of aldosterone for the development of left ventricular...mode echocardiography), urinary aldosterone concentration, and the response of...
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Plasma Aldosterone Assays: Comparison between Chemiluminescence-Based and RIA Methods
Magazine article from: Clinical Chemistry; 7/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; To the Editor: Measurement of plasma aldosterone is increasingly required in clinical practice because...alternatives to traditional RIAs for hormones such as aldosterone. We compared aldosterone results obtained with a new CL method (Nichols...
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Aldosterone increases fibroblast proliferation by activating Ki-RasA.
Newspaper article from: Heart Disease Weekly; 3/2/2003; 680 words
; ...to a study in the United States, "Aldosterone plays a pathological role in cardiac...Understanding of the cellular mechanisms of aldosterone action in cardiac fibroblasts, however...rudimentary. "One possibility is that aldosterone promotes proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts...
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aldosterone
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
aldosterone , steroid secreted by the cortex of...regulating the body's electrolyte balance. Aldosterone acts directly on the kidney to decrease...potassium-ion excretion. The secretion of aldosterone appears to be regulated by two mechanisms...
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adrenal glands
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body
...of these regions produces the steroid aldosterone , while another steroid hormone, cortisol...converted into the steroid hormones. Aldosterone, by acting on the kidneys, controls...controls the blood pressure. The amount of aldosterone produced is controlled by other substances...
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Addison’s Disease
Encyclopedia entry from: Complete Human Diseases and Conditions
...sources Adrenocortical hormone deficiency Aldosterone cortisol Endocrine system Hypotension...release hormones known as cortisol and aldosterone. But the adrenal glands in people with...body working normally. Cortisol and aldosterone Cortisol is needed to help the body...
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steroids
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body
...C=O) make them sterones (such as aldosterone ). Different steroids react with different...and the mineralocorticoids , mainly aldosterone. Both types of hormone are important...inflammatory conditions. The mineralocorticoid aldosterone is released at an increased rate from...
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Adrenal Tumors
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
...pressure. The adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone and cortisol. They also make small...female and male sex characteristics. Aldosterone helps maintain normal salt levels in...abnormally high level of the hormone aldosterone. It is usually caused by an adenoma...
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