labour
labour Human labour is regarded in the OT as sharing in the divine purpose (Exod. 20: 8; 34: 21) because God's work was described in Gen. 1 as creative. Jesus ‘worked’ (John 5: 17) by healing on a
Sabbath, which he justifies on the ground that God continued to maintain the universe even during the prescribed Sabbath day of rest: the obligation to rest can be set aside to enable Jesus to do God's work. Paul worked for his living (Acts 18: 3), and exhorted his converts not to be idle (1 Thess. 4: 11).
On the other hand, work is part of the penalty for
sin (Gen. 3: 17), and much labour described in the
Bible was arduous and unrewarding. For some of it the Hebrews used slaves (Exod. 21: 2–6) and captured
foreigners (Josh. 9: 3–27); and slaves are frequently mentioned in the Roman period by the NT, e.g. the epistle to Philemon. Women had heavy manual work such as fetching water (Gen. 24: 15; John 4: 7) but could also aspire to be entrepreneurs (Acts 16: 14).
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Homeoboxes in sea anemones (Cnidaria; Anthozoa): a PCR-based survey of Nematostella vectensis and Metridium senile. (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 8/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...vectensis. Sea anemones belong to the Cnidaria, a prylum of tentacle-bearing, radially...Substantial phylogenetic evidence places the Cnidaria near the base of the Eumetazoa, possibly...the sister group to the Bilateria. The Cnidaria share with bilaterian animals several...
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Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme , within the Phylum Cnidaria.(Research article)
Magazine article from: BMC Evolutionary Biology; 5/9/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...16]. The assignment of Polypodium to Cnidaria is based primarily on morphological evidence...also fell within this clade, rendering Cnidaria paraphyletic. The second hypothesis...evidence that Polypodium is nested within Cnidaria and does not group with myxozoans. Results...
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A new deepwater species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a preliminary investigation of stauromedusan phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA data.
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 6/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...class Scyphozoa. However, recent phylogenetic analyses of Cnidaria based on morphology (Marques and Collins, 2004) and molecular...have largely focused on their relationship to other groups of Cnidaria (e.g., Uchida, 1929, 1972; Thiel, 1966) rather than...
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Neurofilament-like immunoreactivity in the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa).
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 10/1/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...nervous system, such as the one found in members of the phylum Cnidaria, are not well-defined. We use immunocytochemical techniques...tissues of the subtropical sea anemone Condylactis gigantea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Our studies suggest that neurons of this anthozoan...
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Identification of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in the sea anemone Condylactis gigantea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa).
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 12/1/1994; ; 700+ words
; ...metazoans known to possess a nervous system are those of the phylum Cnidaria whose members include the familiar hydra, jellyfish, sea...system in the subtropical sea anemone Condylactis gigantea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Results of our studies suggest that the tissues...
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Evidence for intercellular coupling and connexin-like protein in the luminescent endoderm of Renilla koellikeri (Cnidaria, Anthozoa).
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 12/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...development - is reflected in the wide distribution of these channels among metazoan phyla (Revel, 1988). Within the phylum Cnidaria, however, gap junctions were reported to be abundant in the Hydrozoa, but absent in the Scyphozoa and the Anthozoa (Mackie...
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Shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) and tube anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) of the Galapagos Islands (1,2).
Magazine article from: Pacific Science; 10/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; Abstract: We provide the first inventory of members of orders Actiniaria (sea anemones sensu stricto) and Ceriantharia (tube anemones) from the Galapagos Islands. Based on observations and collections at 48 localities throughout the archipelago that span nearly a decade, we report on eight species
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 "Genome Biology (Online Edition)")
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The innate immune repertoire in Cnidaria - ancestral complexity and stochastic gene loss.(Research)
Magazine article from: Genome Biology (Online Edition); 4/16/2007; ; 700+ words
; Authors: David J Miller (equal contributor) [1]; Georg Hemmrich (equal contributor) [2]; Eldon E Ball [3]; David C Hayward [3]; Konstantin Khalturin [2]; Noriko Funayama [4]; Kiyokazu Agata [4]; Thomas CG Bosch (corresponding author) [2] Background The innate immune system is the first line of
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A review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawaii and adjacent seamounts: the genus Narella Gray, 1870 (1).
Magazine article from: Pacific Science; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; Abstract: The nine Hawaiian species of Narella are revised, including the description of six new species. All species but one (N. ornata) are described and illustrated using SEM; all species are keyed and included in a detailed table of comparison. A brief history of octocoral taxonomic research in
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Life cycle of Chrysaora fuscescens (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) and a key to sympatric ephyrae (1).
Magazine article from: Pacific Science; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; Abstract: The life cycle of the Northeast Pacific sea nettle, Chrysaora fuscescens Brandt, 1835, is described from gametes to the juvenile medusa stage. In vitro techniques were used to fertilize eggs from field-collected medusae. Ciliated planula larvae swam, settled, and metamorphosed into
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Cnidaria
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Cnidaria or Coelenterata , phylum of invertebrate...two lifestyles are characteristic of the Cnidaria (see polyp and medusa ). The sessile...Class Anthozoa Class Anthozoa includes Cnidaria that have no jellyfish stage. This is...
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Cnidarian
Book article from: Biology
Cnidarian The Cnidaria (pronounced ny-DARE-ee-ah) are a phylum of simple animals including...digestion of food and the distribution of digested nutrients. Many cnidaria have a life cycle that alternates between a sessile polyp stage and...
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Chondrophora
Book article from: A Dictionary of Zoology
Chondrophora ( Chondrophorina ; phylum Cnidaria , class Hydrozoa ) An order of Cnidaria whose members are characterized by having a single, large polyp possessing a chitinous, gas-filled float supporting the other zooids . They have free medusae .
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sea anemone
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...see polyp and medusa ) of the class Anthozoa, phylum Cnidaria. Unlike the closely related corals, these organisms do...in length. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria , class Anthozoa, subclass Zoantharia.
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sea whip
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
sea whip erect colony of marine animals of the phylum Cnidaria, with whiplike branches. The skeleton consists of a horny...marine communities. Sea whips are classified in the phylum Cnidaria , class Anthozoa, order Gorgonacea.
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