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A Dictionary of the Bible | 1997 | | © A Dictionary of the Bible 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

hardening In the OT the hardening of the heart is ascribed both to the individual (Pharaoh in Exod. 8: 15) and also to God's action on the individual (Exod. 10: 1). Paul takes up the latter in Rom. 9: 18 as part of the sovereignty of God which is not arbitrary or unjust. In the gospels (e.g. Mark 6: 52) the disciples' failure to understand the significance of Jesus' miracles is ascribed to ‘hardness’ or stubbornness.

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W. R. F. BROWNING. "hardening." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 24 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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