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orbital velocity

A Dictionary of Astronomy | 1997 | © A Dictionary of Astronomy 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

orbital velocity The velocity an object has at a given point in its orbit. Unless the orbit is circular, the object's velocity continually changes in accordance with Kepler's second law (see Kepler's Laws). The velocity of an object defines not only speed but direction. The circular velocity of an object in a circular orbit is always perpendicular to the radius vector. An object moving faster than circular velocity will enter an elliptical orbit. Escape velocity puts the object into a parabolic orbit so that it departs from the body it was orbiting, never to return (see also Parabolic Velocity). Hyperbolic velocity is a velocity greater than escape velocity.

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