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ionization

A Dictionary of Astronomy | 1997 | © A Dictionary of Astronomy 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

ionization The process by which an atom or molecule loses or gains electrons. Atoms that have lost or gained one electron are said to be singly ionized; if they have lost or gained two electrons they are doubly ionized; and so on. Ionization occurs at high temperatures (thermal ionization), as in a star, or by the impact of high-energy atomic particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha particles) or short-wavelength radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays). See also Bound–Free Transition.

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