gravitational redshift
gravitational redshift The redshift of light or other electromagnetic radiation caused by a strong gravitational field; also known as the
Einstein shift. It arises because radiation loses energy as it passes out of the gravitational field of the emitting body. As a consequence, the frequency of the radiation decreases and its wavelength is shifted to the red end of the spectrum. The redshift at wavelength λ is given by Gm λ/c
2 r, where
m is the mass of the body,
r is the distance of the emitting region from the centre of mass,
c is the speed of light, and
G is the universal gravitational constant. Small gravitational redshifts are observed in transmissions between receivers at different altitudes on Earth, and between satellites and receivers on the Earth. A gravitational redshift has been observed in the light from some white dwarfs, and would result in the rapid fading out of a black hole in the process of formation as seen from outside.
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Axillary meristem development. Budding relationships between networks controlling flowering, branching, and photoperiod responsiveness
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 3/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...clusters called meristems. During embryonic...and a root apical meristem. It is unclear whether axillary meristems are produced de...delayed axillary meristem initiation, causing...devoid of axillary meristems (Grbiae and Bleecker...
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Proliferating inflorescence meristem, a mads-box gene that regulates floral meristem identity in pea
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 7/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; PROLIFERATING INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM, a MADS-Box Gene That Regulates Floral Meristem Identity in Pea1 SQUAMOSA and APETALA1 are floral meristem identity genes from snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and Arabidopsis, respectively. Here, we characterize...
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Plasticity and allometry of meristem allocation in response to density in three annual plants with different architectures.(Author abstract)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Botany; 11/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...Aarssen (1996) used meristem allocation to describe...their model, all meristems have one of three...Reproductive" (R) meristems produce a flower...Inactive" (I) meristems remain dormant. Under this meristem-based approach...
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Maintenance of shoot and floral meristem cell proliferation and fate
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 5/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...reproductive phase. Floral meristems produce flowers...activity of the floral meristem ceases, unlike...with cells in the meristem flanks? How are shoot and floral meristems distinguished...of SAM and floral meristem maintenance and...
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Meristem Therapeutics and Quintiles Form Strategic Alliance to Support Therapeutic Protein Development.
PR Newswire; 3/21/2001; 700+ words
; ...N.C., March 21 /PRNewswire/ -- MERISTEM(R) Therapeutics, a leader in recombinant...development of therapeutic proteins. Meristem Therapeutics and Quintiles expect to...financial impact of clinical development. Meristem Therapeutics' innovative Genie Vegetal...
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MERISTEM THERAPEUTICS AND QUINTILES FORM STRATEGIC ALLIANCE TO SUPPORT THERAPEUTIC PROTEIN DEVELOPMENT.
PR Newswire; 3/21/2001; 700+ words
; ...Research Triangle Park, North Carolina - MERISTEM(R) Therapeutics, a leader in recombinant...development of therapeutic proteins. Meristem Therapeutics and Quintiles expect to...financial impact of clinical development. Meristem Therapeutics' innovative Genie Vegetal...
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Arabidopsis CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON3 Regulates Postembryonic Shoot Meristem and Organ Boundary Formation(W)
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 11/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...tissue called the shoot meristem, which maintains pluripotent...formation of shoot meristems occurs during both embryogenesis...The embryonic shoot meristem is initiated at the...contrast with embryonic meristem formation that occurs...postembryonic shoot meristems can occur multiple ...
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Functional Diversification of CLAVATA3-Related CLE Proteins in Meristem Maintenance in Rice(W)(OA)
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 8/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...the different types of meristem in rice (Oryza sativa...flower and inflorescence meristems, FCP1 appears to regulate...axillary and branch meristems, cells of which are...derived from apical meristems, also contribute to...Stem cells within each meristem are self-maintaining...
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Interactions among APETALA1, LEAFY, and TERMINAL FLOWER1 specify specify meristem fate
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 6/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...primary shoot meristem of an Arabidopsis...produce flower meristems rather than...primary shoot meristem of Arabidopsis...produce flower meristems rather than...Arabidopsis flower meristems is primarily controlled by the meristem identity genes...
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The shoot apical meristem: an historical perspective (1).
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Botany; 11/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...functioning of shoot apical meristems. Key words: apical meristem, histogen, tunica...this issue on shoot meristems that report on more...functioning of shoot apical meristems that are the impetus...area. How does the meristem continue to proliferate...
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Meristems
Book article from: Biology
...a plant. While meristem tissue is the source...potential of a plant, meristems also play a pivotal...tips called apical meristems that are responsible...The shoot apical meristem is formed during...environment. Intercalary meristems produce growth at...for instance. Meristem tissue ...
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meristem
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
meristem , a specialized section...growth is provided by meristems. Apical meristems found at the tips of...lateral, or secondary, meristems, found just under the...differentiated lateral meristem are known as secondary...
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apical meristem
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
apical meristem A region at the tip of each shoot and...and root tissue, respectively (see meristem ). The new tissues produced are known...primary tissues of the plant. See ground meristem ; procambium ; protoderm . Compare cambium...
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ground meristem
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
ground meristem The meristem in plant shoots and roots, derived from the apical meristem , that gives rise to the cortex and pith (the ground tissues ) in stems and the cortex and endodermis in roots.
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intercalary meristem
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
intercalary meristem See MERISTEM .
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