gravitational lens
gravitational lens An effect in which light rays are bent by the gravitational field of a massive object, such as a galaxy or black hole. The Sun produces a slight gravitational lens effect (see
gravitational deflection), but on cosmological scales the effect is seen as the formation of double or multiple images of a distant galaxy or quasar by a foreground object (as in, for example, the
Einstein Cross). More complicated lensing effects also occur, including the formation of
Einstein rings,
luminous arcs, and
microlensing.
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Herbert Spencer; a Primary and Secondary Bibliography, 2 vols.
Magazine article from: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute; 9/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...bones. So let it be with Spencer'. Had Shakespeare lived...much of this century Herbert Spencer has been remembered...Robert G. Perrin's Herbert Spencer, a primary and...democratic institutions, Spencer responded: `A large...No serious student of Herbert Spencer will ...
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Francis, Mark. Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life.(Book review)
Magazine article from: The Review of Metaphysics; 6/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; FRANCIS, Mark. Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life...nineteenth-century English intellectual Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) is remembered...Constitution "does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics." Mark...
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Matthew Arnold and Herbert Spencer: a neglected connection in the Victorian debate about scientific and literary education.
Magazine article from: Nineteenth-Century Prose; 3/22/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...little notice has been paid to it, Herbert Spencer was also an important figure for...Arnold had no personal respect for Spencer the self-taught philosopher of...been paid to his dealings with Herbert Spencer on the same subject, which...
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In defense of Herbert Spencer.(CONTROVERSY)(Essay)
Magazine article from: Independent Review; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...nineteenth-century intellectual giant Herbert Spencer's Principles of Ethics in two...introduction by Tibor R. Machan. Spencer's magnificent tome is full of...more questionable. Calling it "Herbert Spencer: A Century Later," Machan...
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In Defense of Herbert Spencer
Magazine article from: The Independent Review; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...nineteenth-century intellectual giant Herbert Spencer's Principles of Ethics in two...introduction by Tibor R. Machan. Spencer's magnificent tome is full of...more questionable. Calling it "Herbert Spencer: A Century Later," Machan...
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Herbert Spencer: Libertarian Prophet
Magazine article from: Freeman; 7/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...ago, the English social theorist Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was widely considered...virtually unknown. Textbooks summarize Spencer in a few lines as a "Social Darwinist...proponent of "might makes right," Spencer wrote that the "desire to command...
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Equal Freedom and Utility: Herbert Spencer's Liberal Utilitarianism.(Review)
Magazine article from: American Political Science Review; 6/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...Weinstein's excellent new study of Herbert Spencer makes a similar revisionist claim...then the same can be done for Spencer, Weinstein claims. The book is...a contextualist interpreter of Spencer. He certainly connects his interpretation...
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Intellect and Character in Victorian England: Mark Pattison and the Invention of the Don.(Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of History; 9/22/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...2007. viii, 285 pp. $95.00 US (cloth). Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life, by Mark Francis...and no less than "the Invention of Modern Life" in Herbert Spencer's. These two men, born only seven years apart...
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Cults of Ignorance.("Getting It Wrong from the Beginning: Our Progressivist Inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget")(Book Review)
Magazine article from: National Review; 5/5/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...Progressivist Inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget...Egan (Yale, 224 pp., $25) 'Spencer is unreadable today," the literary...acknowledged expert upon it." Indeed, Herbert Spencer's ideological mix of...
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Getting it wrong from the beginning: our progressivist inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Education; 1/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...presuppositions of 19th-century British philosopher Herbert Spencer. Rather than simply parroting faulty progressivist...approach to schooling. There is no disputing that Herbert Spencer constitutes a major intellectual figure in the philosophical...
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Herbert Spencer
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Herbert Spencer Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer...development of economics, political science, biology, and philosophy. Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. His childhood, described...
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Spencer, Herbert
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Spencer, Herbert 1820 – 1903 Herbert Spencer (1820 – 1903) was a nineteenth-century English social philosopher who sought to explain all domains of the universe in terms of some “ cardinal ” or “...
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Gasser, Herbert Spencer
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
Gasser, Herbert Spencer ( b . Platteville, Wisconsin, 5 July 1888; d . New York, N...had led his father to acquire the works of Darwin, Huxley, and Herbert Spencer, which the younger Gasser read avidly. He entered the University...
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Herbert Spencer Hadley
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Herbert Spencer Hadley 1872-1927, American lawyer, b. Olathe, Kans. As attorney general of Missouri (1905-9), he successfully prosecuted...
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Herbert Spencer Jennings
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Herbert Spencer Jennings 1868-1947, American zoologist, b. Tonica, Ill., B.S. Univ. of Michigan, 1893, Ph.D. Harvard, 1896...
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