coronal hole
coronal hole A region in the Sun's corona of very low density, about 100 times less than that of coronal active regions. Coronal holes show up as apparent voids in X-ray images or, at the limb, by an absence of white-light emission in coronagraph images. A large coronal hole is always present at each of the Sun's poles. Low-latitude holes appear shortly before solar minimum, increasing in size over several months and sometimes coalescing with one of the polar holes. Other holes may contract and disappear. The magnetic field in coronal holes is in the form of open field lines stretching out into space, along which plasma flows to produce the high-speed streams in the
solar wind.
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From Oligarchy to Oligarchy: The Structure of Russia's Ruling Elite.
Magazine article from: Demokratizatsiya; 6/22/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...argument about the structure of the Russian oligarchy, including the point that the relations...centuries, Russia today is ruled by a small oligarchy.(1) This statement does not mean...composition and structure of Russia's oligarchy. It has even led some keen observers...
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Democracy or oligarchy? Regulating financial power.
Magazine article from: International Journal on World Peace; 6/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...relationship between democracy and oligarchy. It is a subject well known to Aristotle...decision. This is a clear example of oligarchy subverting democracy. The relationship between democracy and oligarchy was classically discussed by Aristotle...
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Claims that oligarchy hides behind Polish constitution brings country "to Russian level" - senator.
Newspaper article from: Poland Business News; 9/4/2007; 586 words
; Claims that oligarchy hides behind Polish constitution brings...INTERFAX CENTRAL EUROPE - Poland is not an oligarchy and calling it so is bringing the country...I am irritated by the concept of an oligarchy because this is also a concept which...
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Popular Government and Oligarchy in Renaissance Italy.(Lettere, 1487-1488, vol. 11)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Renaissance Quarterly; 12/22/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Christine D. Shaw. Popular Government and Oligarchy in Renaissance Italy. The Medieval Mediterranean...states--the progression towards oligarchy--though basing herself on the city...she points out, popular government and oligarchy were not necessarily antagonistic nor...
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 "Western Morning News, The Plymouth (UK)")
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Oligarchy with spanking new jackboots ; A european Union oligarchy is being created under our noses. Let not Europhile MEPs tell you their "parliament" is any kind of democracy - that is rubbish.
Newspaper article from: Western Morning News, The Plymouth (UK); 5/6/2008; 554 words
; A european Union oligarchy is being created under our noses...Parliament to a T. So what is an "oligarchy"? It is a far cry from a "democracy...the people, for the people. An "oligarchy" is the government of the many by...
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Fine line dividing welcome for Bhutto and Pak military oligarchy's designs
News Wire article from: The Hindustan Times; 10/30/2007; 700+ words
; ...Oct. 30 -- The Pakistani military oligarchy and the ruling Pakistan Muslim League...long political fiefdom of the military oligarchy, comprising of religious parties, a...government, all, subservient to the oligarchy's rules of engagement and interest...
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Guarding against real estate oligarchy
Newspaper article from: China Daily; 12/27/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...rise of the property oligarchies on the mainland. Coming...the Hong Kong property oligarchy have stepped up their...dominance of the property oligarchy as the rule of free...enterprise economics. But the oligarchy's sense of social responsibility...
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 "ANT - LKBN ANTARA (Indonesia)")
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IMPOSSIBLE TO HAVE OLIGARCHY IN NATIONAL COALITION, INDON LEGISLATOR SAYS.
News Wire article from: ANT - LKBN ANTARA (Indonesia); 8/26/2004; 634 words
; ...opinion, it is impossible to have an oligarchy in the national coalition because it...at creating a country governed by an oligarchy because it is absolutely irrelevant...democratic mechanism could not form an oligarchy, he said. "Since the control function...
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Russia's oligarchy.(an oligarchy that has arisen during Boris Yeltsin's tenure in office)
Magazine article from: The Nation; 2/17/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...Russias godfathers.")This newly risen oligarchy, whose financial tentacles extend through...Soviet Communist Party rule, and the oligarchy loathe and fear me. They are already...stay on the right track." But Russias oligarchy knows that the "track" has now aroused...
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 "Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)")
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U.S. MORE OLIGARCHY THAN DEMOCRACY.(Editorial)(Column)
Newspaper article from: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA); 11/29/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...state of our democracy - or should we say oligarchy? I realize that sounds terribly undemocratic...Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: Oligarchy: ol-i-gar-chy; noun; 1: government...percent few enough to qualify for an oligarchy? Historians will chastise me for using...
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Oligarchy
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
...democracy. Furthermore, oligarchies are not confined to national politics; oligarchies can also emerge in...of the politics of oligarchy is Political Parties...described. Instead, oligarchies have appeared as a...of the politics of oligarchy. There are several...
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Oligarchy, Iron Law of
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Oligarchy, Iron Law of Coined by...Parties , the Iron Law of Oligarchy refers to the inbuilt tendency...tended to become de facto oligarchies. In spite of their revolutionary...says organization, says oligarchy ” (Michels...
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oligarchy
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
oligarchy [Gr.,=rule by the few], rule by...governments, the classical definition of oligarchy, as given for example by Aristotle...perspective, the major distinction between oligarchy and democracy is that in the latter...
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iron law of oligarchy
Book article from: A Dictionary of Sociology
iron law of oligarchy See MICHELS , ROBERT; POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY .
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Michels, Robert
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
...formulated his famous “ iron law of oligarchy. ” During his early life...theory in the book, the iron law of oligarchy, caused considerable scholarly debate...definition of either the theory or the terms oligarchy or organization . On the most basic level...
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