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Perissodactyla

A Dictionary of Zoology | 1999 | | © A Dictionary of Zoology 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Perissodactyla (cohort Ferungulata, superorder Mesaxonia) An order that comprises those ungulates in which the number of functional toes is reduced to three or one, and a fourth, if present, is reduced, the weight of the animal being borne by the central digit. The order includes the three suborders Ceratomorpha (tapirs, rhinoceroses, and their extinct relatives), Ancylopoda (extinct forms), and Hippomorpha (horse-like forms). They appeared in the Eocene, derived from the Condylarthra, and reached their zenith in the mid-Tertiary, when they were the most numerous of ungulates. So many fossil remains of them have been found that their evolutionary history is known in greater detail than that of any other mammalian group. Since then the order has declined dramatically, having been displaced by the Artiodactyla, and the group as a whole is moving towards extinction.

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