Torelli, Giacomo
The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre
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1996
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© The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information)
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Torelli, Giacomo (1608–78), Italian machinist and scene-painter. A practical man of the theatre rather than an artist, he made many important innovations in the designing and setting of scenery, being the inventor of the
carriage-and-frame device for moving several sets of
wings on and off stage simultaneously. He was a pupil of Aleotti, and may have worked with him on the building of the
Teatro Farnese, which was not completed until 1628. In 1640 he was responsible for the building of the Teatro Novissimo in Venice, where the magical effects of his stage mechanisms won for him the nickname of ‘the great magician’. Five years later he went to Paris and inaugurated the fashion for
machine plays of which the finest was Corneille's
Andromède (1650). This was produced at
Molière's first theatre, the
Petit-Bourbon, which Torelli had completely refurbished backstage, painting new scenery and installing machinery of his own invention. It was all destroyed by his rival Gaspare
Vigarani in 1660, but the designs were preserved, and over a hundred years later the complete survey of contemporary theatre machinery given under ‘Machines du Théâtre’ in
Diderot's Encyclopédie (in 1772) shows that it was almost all based on Torelli's ideas.
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Keratins 8, 10, 13, and 17 are useful diagnostic tumor markers.
Newspaper article from: Cancer Weekly; 7/27/2004; 700+ words
; ...Expression of keratins 8 and 17, and loss of keratin 10 and 13 expression...Expression of keratins in reference...as follows: * keratin 8-0, 44...17 and loss of keratins 10 and 13 are...human cervix. Keratin expression patterns...
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Bromodeoxyuridine increases keratin 19 protein expression at a posttranscriptional level in two human lung tumor cell lines
Magazine article from: In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology; 9/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; SUMMARY Keratins form the largest...mechanisms that control keratin protein synthesis...bromodeoxyuridine; keratin 19; lung; differentiation...cytoplasmic (e.g., keratins, neurofilaments...among the first keratins to be expressed...expression of K19/K18 keratin genes which may...
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Keratin polypeptide gene deletions heighten susceptibility to liver injury.
Newspaper article from: Health & Medicine Week; 2/9/2004; 700+ words
; ...association of human keratin mutations with liver...the importance of keratins in protecting the...known regarding keratins and their function...We characterized keratin expression pattern...do over-express keratins upon LD challenge...injury triggers keratin hyperphosphorylation...
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Molecular evolution of the keratin associated protein gene family in mammals, role in the evolution of mammalian hair.(Research article)
Magazine article from: BMC Evolutionary Biology; 8/23/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...19]. However, most studies have focused on keratins rather than the keratin associated proteins. The major components of hair are alpha-keratins and keratin associated proteins, each of which are encoded...
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A novel and ancient group of type I keratins with members in bichir, sturgeon and gar.(Research)(Clinical report)
Magazine article from: Frontiers in Zoology; 6/6/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...and nail forming keratins, the number of keratin genes found in...extraordinary variety of keratins in vertebrates...investigations of the keratin systems in lamprey...distant group of keratin-related sequences...secreted thread keratins TK[alpha] and...
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Enzyme-mediated Crosslinking of Wool. Part II: Keratin and Transglutaminase1,2
Magazine article from: Textile Research Journal; 9/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; Abstract Keratin hydrohlysates (KH) and their fyophilized...catalyze transamidation reactions involving keratin as KH and KP and keratinaceous wool fabric...provide crosslinking between and among these keratin constituents. Treatments of KH from 100...
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Type I keratin 16 forms relatively unstable tetrameric assembly subunits with various type II keratin partners: biochemical basis and functional implications. (includes panel discussion)(The Cytoskeleton: Mechanical, Physical, and Biological Interactions)
Magazine article from: The Biological Bulletin; 6/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; Type II keratin 6 (K6) and type I keratins 16 and 17 (K16 and...at the expense of the keratin proteins that are normally...Pro) rendered these keratins K16-like in their...conformation of the keratin tetramer, a matter...
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Bad Hair Days are Gone Forever with new Liquid Keratin(TM).
PR Newswire; 2/17/2009; 700+ words
; Revolutionary Liquid Keratin(TM) is a Safe, Affordable and Time...Feb. 17 /PRNewswire/ -- Liquid Keratin Inc., the creators of a new revolutionary...patented hair treatment launches Liquid Keratin 30 Day Straight, Smooth, Strong and...
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Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes ( sseKer1 and sseKer2 ) in the flatfish Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis Kaup).(Research article)
Magazine article from: BMC Developmental Biology; 10/23/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...human, the classical S keratin 8 and keratin 18 [19] have true...contrast, teleost E keratins as well as other S keratins...analyses of vertebrate keratin genes, which uncover...an excess of type I keratins in teleosts in contrast...
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The Intermediate Filament Architecture as Determined by X-Ray Diffraction Modeling of Hard [alpha]-Keratin
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 6/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...effect of mutations in keratins that sometimes result...interest in deciphering keratin architecture is also...Leblond, 1951). Soft keratins are found in epidermis and calluses. Hard keratins are generally classified...groups, hard [alpha]-keratin ([alpha]-helix...
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Keratin
Book article from: Animal Sciences
Keratin Keratin is a highly durable protein that provides...scales are often tough and inpenetrable. Keratin is also present in sharp structures such...T. P. MacRae, and G. E. Rogers. Keratins — Their Composition, Structure...
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keratin
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
keratin , any one of a class...living tissues. The keratins are the major protein...cysteine . The helical keratin molecules twist around...polypeptide chains of keratin allows for the cross...physiological role of the keratins, which provide a...
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skin
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body
...twenty-fold. The keratin proteins within the...of compacted fibrous keratins in the outer horny layer...the word, ‘keratin’ is derived...outer surface of dead, keratin-rich cell layers is...microorganisms. Defects in keratins have now been identified...
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Scales, Feathers, and Hair
Book article from: Animal Sciences
...special proteins. The primary protein used by vertebrates is keratin. It occurs as two forms: alpha (more pliable) and beta (more stiff) keratin. The way in which the keratin is constructed at the molecular level is what determines the...
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Integument
Book article from: World of Forensic Science
...many protective functions for the body. Keratin, an insoluble protein in the outer layer...helps prevent water loss and dehydration. Keratin also prevents excessive water loss, keeps...underlying tissues from mechanical damage. Keratin is also the major protein found in nails...
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