Naturalism
The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre
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1996
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© The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information)
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Naturalism, movement in the theatre of the late 19th century which carried a step further the revolt against the artificiality of contemporary forms of playwriting and acting initiated by the selective
realism of
Ibsen.
Thérèse Raquin (1873), dramatized by
Zola from his own novel, was the first consciously conceived naturalistic drama,
Strindberg's Miss Julie (1888) its first masterpiece. But it was
Antoine who established it in the theatre. The influence of his
Théâtre-Libre led to the foundation of the
Freie Bühne in Germany and Grein's Independent Theatre in London, and the movement finally attained world recognition in the work of
Stanislavsky, particularly with his production of
Gorky's The Lower Depths (1902). In Spain naturalism is represented by
Benavente's La malquerida (1913) and in the United States by the early works of O'Neill and the dramatized novels of
Steinbeck.
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