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Fenian

A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | 2004 | | © A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Fenian. Neologism coined in 1804 by charlatan scholar Col. Charles Vallancey. Although apparently derived from Féni, a name for early, landed freeholders, Vallancey used it as an anglicization for fianna. In many 19th-century writers, e.g. Sir Walter Scott, Fenian pertains to stories of Fionn mac Cumhaill. The ambiguous reference to both fianna and Fionn persists in the naming of the Fenian Cycle. In 1858 ‘Fenian’ was adopted as an alternate name for the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a secret revolutionary society dedicated to the overthrow of English authority in Ireland. Never fully quashed, Fenian activity in the British Isles and North America peaked in 1866–7. In the 20th century ‘Fenian’ popularly denotes Republican anti-British activity, especially in the six countries of Ulster, still a part of the United Kingdom.

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