capsule
capsule 1. (of
prokaryotes) The gelatinous, outer surface layer to the cell (also known as the sheath in
cyanobacteria), which is composed primarily of
polysaccharides. In pathogenic
bacteria, and possibly in others, it appears to serve a protective function against the defensive mechanism of the host, since such bacteria become non-infective in its absence.
2. The
spore-bearing structure of a
moss or
liverwort. In most mosses the capsule may be spherical, cylindrical, oval, or pear-shaped, and is borne on a stalk or
seta; the seta in turn is anchored to the
gametophyte by an absorptive region called the foot. The capsule is protected, at least initially, by a
calyptra. In most cases the capsule has a mouth initially covered by a lid; when the spores inside the capsule are mature, the lid falls off and the spores are released, to be dispersed by wind. (Compare
SPHAGNUM and
ANDREAEIDAE.) In liverworts the capsule is usually ovoid or spherical and has no lid. On ripening, the capsule usually splits into four ‘valves’, which open out to release the spores.
3. A dry
fruit, normally
dehiscent.
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PIRACY STILL RISING
News Wire article from: United Press International; 4/20/2002; 700+ words
; 00-00-0000 Piracy still rising SINGAPORE, Apr 20, 2002...obtained by United Press International, 86 piracy acts have been committed around the world...quarter on record since 1991. Last year, piracy acts in the first quarter totalled 78...
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Piracy in Indias Entertainment Industry Causes Huge Losses to Indian Economy
Newspaper article from: U.S. Newswire; 3/27/2008; 700+ words
; ...losses to the Indian economy as a result of piracy in Indias burgeoning entertainment industry...study - The Effects of Counterfeiting and Piracy on Indias Entertainment Industry - prepared...000 crores are lost each year due to piracy. As many as 800,000 direct jobs are...
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Piracy Robbing From Satellite Broadcasting Revenues.(Jean Grenier of European Association for the Protection of Encrypted Works and Services and Simon Twiston Davies of Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Association of Asia discuss piracy problem)(Interview)
Newspaper article from: Satellite News; 2/20/2006; 700+ words
; ...pay-TV operators face is the threat of piracy. People accessing content through an...according to industry analysts. Smart card piracy is big business and conditional access...program operators in the fight against piracy. Other key organizations in this battle...
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PIRACY COSTS INDIA'S ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY MILLIONS: STUDY.
News Wire article from: AsiaPulse News; 3/27/2008; 700+ words
; ...statement. Contact details below.) Piracy in India's Entertainment Industry Causes...losses to the Indian economy as a result of piracy in India's burgeoning entertainment...The Effects of Counterfeiting and Piracy on Indias Entertainment Industry', prepared...
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Piracy: an old menace re-merges: Stuart McMillan comments on a maritime problem that has grown steadily worse in the last decade.
Newspaper article from: New Zealand International Review; 3/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; Piracy against ships is an unlikely survivor from times past. The hey-day of piracy was the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries...seem to contribute towards the elimination of piracy against ships. To these has to be added the fact...
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Movie piracy in Asia-Pacific: most countries are stepping up efforts to fight theft.(Focus)
Newspaper article from: Screen Digest; 6/1/2007; 700+ words
; [Video][Film][Cinema][Piracy] [ILLUSTRATIONS OMITTED] * China remains the most piracy-prone country and enforcement measures have...most innovative country in devising anti-piracy schemes is Malaysia (and it needs to be...
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Fighting piracy: IIPA cites problems for copyright industries. (International Intellectual Property Alliance)
Magazine article from: Tape-Disc Business; 6/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; Piracy of copyrighted materials around the world resulted...foreign countries; it does not include losses to piracy within the U.S. The losses represent the dollar value of sales lost to piracy of business and entertainment software products...
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MICROSOFT: Software piracy deprived California economy of $2.5 billion in 1997.
M2 Presswire; 9/15/1998; 700+ words
; ...September 1998-MICROSOFT: Software piracy deprived California economy of $2.5...RDATE:140998 * Microsoft announces that piracy cost California 18,900 jobs Microsoft...released statistics revealing that software piracy caused the loss of an estimated 18,900...
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Software piracy: looting and pillaging in the '90s.(Special Issue: Technology Solutions)
Magazine article from: The National Public Accountant; 6/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...suffered severe punishments for their crimes. Piracy continues, but instead of using wooden ships...seen many different approaches to software piracy in his years as manager of Novell's anti-piracy program. Novell, a Utah-based software...
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Software Piracy Deprived Oregon Economy of Over $185 Million in Lost Wages, Taxes and Retail Sales in 1997.
PR Newswire; 11/2/1998; 700+ words
; Microsoft Announces That Piracy Cost Oregon More Than 1,900 Jobs REDMOND...statistics revealing that in 1997 software piracy caused the loss of an estimated 1...MSFT) to raise awareness that software piracy hurts more than just the software industry...
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Piracy
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...shared view of jurisdiction: piracy on the high seas can be punished...twentieth century, the term piracy grew to include copyright violations...The Constitution addresses piracy in Article 1, Section 8...x2026; To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the...
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piracy
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
piracy robbery committed or attempted on the high...nations. As the line between privateering and piracy is often hard to draw, any act of doubtful...on the seas is apt to be characterized as piracy. Thus the sinking of merchant vessels by...
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Software Piracy
Book article from: Computer Sciences
Software Piracy When someone buys a commercial piece of software, such as Microsoft...software license agreement and are therefore guilty of software piracy. Software piracy involves the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or...
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Consumer Software Piracy
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
CONSUMER SOFTWARE PIRACY The unauthorized use, possession, downloading...who report verifiable corporate end-user piracy to SIIA through the SIIA hotline or through the SIIA Corporate End-User Piracy Internet Report Form. Its chief goal is...
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Stream Piracy
Book article from: World of Earth Science
Stream piracy A stream can be defined as any flowing...this results in a phenomenon called stream piracy, in which part of the drainage of one...its drainage is termed beheaded. Stream piracy is also called stream capture or river...
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