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expansionism, Soviet

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | © The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

expansionism, Soviet a policy of military, strategic, economic, and ideological expansion in the Soviet Union after World War II. In this era, the Soviet Union constructed a formidable nuclear arsenal and enormous conventional forces, and tested a nuclear weapon (September 1949). It supported Communist insurgencies in Greece and Italy and put pressure on Turkey to allow Soviet military access to the straits connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. The Soviet Union also invaded Hungary (1956), sponsored and led nationalist movements in the Third World, and invaded Afghanistan in 1979. The postwar era of Soviet expansionism ended with Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of glasnost, which was designed to save and strengthen the Soviet system but which instead contributed to its collapse.

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