Torch, Operation

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | 700+ words | Copyright

Torch, Operation the invasion of French North Africa by American and British forces in November 1942; the first major joint Allied offensive in World War II. Beginning on Nov. 8, four days after the British stopped German general Erwin Rommel in Egypt, the Anglo-American landings commenced with port assaults and nighttime beach landings. The Allies aided Free French rebels and overwhelmed Vichy French resistance. As a result of the invasion, Adolf Hitler ordered the German Army to occupy Vichy France and rushed troops to Tunisia before the Americans could conquer it. By May 13, 1943, though, 250,000 German and Italian troops had surrendered to the Allied forces, ending the North Africa Campaign.

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