Santa Anna, Antonio López de
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
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2001
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© The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Santa Anna, Antonio López de (1794–1876) president of Mexico. As a young army officer, Santa Anna supported the movement for Mexican independence from Spain; he later turned against the government, helping to depose its president. In 1828 he supported another candidate for president but later helped to depose him as well. Santa Anna became a national hero in Mexico's war to prevent Spain from recapturing its former possession, and in 1833 he was elected president. In 1836 he led troops into Texas to suppress a revolt by American settlers there; during this time Texas declared its independence. Santa Anna led a brutal campaign that included a victory at the
Alamo, in San Antonio, but was himself captured by
Sam Houston. President
Andrew Jackson ordered him returned to Mexico, where he went into retirement. After defying French demands for indemnities to French citizens living in Mexico, Santa Anna became the country's dictator (1839–45), but he was then driven into exile. In the
Mexican War (1846–48), Santa Anna was defeated by Gen.
Winfield Scott. Ten years later, he again tried to return to power, this time by ousting the French puppet emperor Maximilian, but the attempt failed.
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