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Bleeding Kansas

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | © The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Bleeding Kansas (1854-58), a term referring to violent encounters between pro-slavery and antislavery factions in the Kansas territory. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed that self-determination would resolve the question of slavery in these territories. Pro-slavery settlers burned the town of Lawrence on May 21, 1856, an act followed by the murder of five pro-slavery settlers by John Brown and accomplices. Ensuing raids and retaliations caused the death of hundreds, and the territory was declared in open insurrection. U.S. troops sent in by President Franklin Pierce were able to assert control by dispersing the pro-slavery militia.

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