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Adams, John

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | © The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Adams, John (1735–1826) 2nd president of the United States, diplomat, and member of the Continental Congress, born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts; father of 6th president John Quincy Adams. In the Continental Congress Adams nominated George Washington for commander in chief (1775), was instrumental in the establishment of the U.S. Navy and Marines, chaired the Congress's Board of War and Ordnance (1776–77), and negotiated the peace with Britain (1782). Under Washington he was the nation's first vice president (1789–97) and was elected president in 1796 as a Federalist (1797–1801). He built up the navy, but his refusal to declare war on France and his signing of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) turned the Federalist party against “His Rotundity.”

The first president to live in the White House, Adams was defeated in the election of 1800 by Thomas Jefferson; both men died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence that Adams recommended and Jefferson wrote.

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