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extinction
extinction
extinction (iks-tink-shŏn) n. (in psychology) the weakening of a conditioned reflex that takes place if it is not maintained by reinforcement.
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Mass extinctions and macroevolution
Magazine article from: Paleobiology; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...between later background extinction and the major mass extinctions. In any case, the...the intervals of lower extinction intensity between the "Big Five" extinction peaks of the Phanerozoic). Mass extinctions would thus represent...
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Extinction-induced variability in human behavior.(Report)
Magazine article from: The Psychological Record; 6/22/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...be changed by reinforcement and be a product of extinction. Under extinction, responses that led to reinforcers in the past...on the reinforcement of variability, but while extinction-induced variability appears essential for the...
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Spacing extinction trials alleviates renewal and spontaneous recovery
Magazine article from: Learning & Behavior; 2/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; Studies of extinction in classical conditioning situations...varying the intertrial interval during an extinction treatment in a fear-conditioning...at test (i.e., more effective extinction) when extinction trials were widely...
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EXTINCTION sunday briefing sunday briefing While the disappearance of species such as tigers and mountain gorillas grabs the headlines and fills TV schedules, less well-known is the fact that we appear to be living through an extinction event bigger than that which wiped out the dinosaurs. This assault on biodiversity is seen by many scientists as a greater threat to mankind than climate change.
Newspaper article from: The Sunday Herald; 12/10/2006; 700+ words
; ...YEARS AGO A series of mass extinctions eliminated many brachiopods...pictured below). These extinctions could have been caused by...444 MILLION YEARS AGO Two extinction events occurred, which together...largest of the five major extinctions in history in terms of the...
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Extinction and quiescence in marine animal genera
Magazine article from: Paleobiology; 4/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...proxies for true extinctions, then there is appreciable global extinction in every stage...backsmearing of extinctions by incomplete...to which mass extinctions represent something...aggravated background extinction (Jablonski 1986...
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Evidence for extinction selectivity throughout the marine invertebrate fossil record
Magazine article from: Paleobiology; 10/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...this nonrandom extinction is selective clustering of extinctions in genera consisting...species which possess extinction-biasing traits...debated whether mass extinctions form a distinct...background" extinction (Bambach et al...
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Extinction rates higher in open-ocean settings during mass wipeouts.
News Wire article from: Asian News International; 11/22/2009; 700+ words
; ...has found that extinction rates higher in...settings during mass extinctions. The research...found that, while extinction rates in the two...times between mass extinctions, there was a strikingly...rates during mass extinctions were significantly...susceptible to the ...
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Extinction cascades and catastrophe in ancient food webs
Magazine article from: Paleobiology; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...catastrophic secondary extinction increases as food...of the secondary extinctions. When intraguild...understanding secondary extinctions in fossil communities...during times of mass extinction, within the context...results in the extinction of consumers...such secondary extinctions ...
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Extinction runs in the family.(Report)
Newspaper article from: NewsRx Health & Science; 8/30/2009; 700+ words
; ...restricted to extinctions driven by us...feature of the extinction process itself...represent most extinctions in the history of life, and mass extinctions tend to be clumped...during the mass extinction at the end of...
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Extinction rates higher in open-ocean settings during mass wipeouts
News Wire article from: The Hindustan Times; 11/21/2009; 641 words
; ...has found that extinction rates higher in...settings during mass extinctions. The research...found that, while extinction rates in the two...times between mass extinctions, there was a strikingly...rates during mass extinctions were significantly...susceptible to the ...
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Extinction
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...greatest burst of extinctions in at least...million years. Extinction as such is...exceptional mass-extinction events, each...major mass extinctions, and about...average rate of extinctions in the time...accelerate extinction: falling...
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extinctions and mass extinctions
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
extinctions and mass extinctions Extinction of species is a continuous process, and evidence...result in the development of new species. Mass extinctions are events during which the rate of extinction rises dramatically above this background rate...
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Mass Extinction
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...what can be called the background extinction rate, the extinctions that are always occurring at a normal...large “ normal ” extinction becomes suddenly a mass extinction. Mass extinctions are characterized by the loss of...
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mass extinction
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...most recent mass extinction was that of the...associated with mass extinctions. Theories regarding...for the Permian extinctions include the effects...final Cretaceous extinction is that one or...final Cretaceous extinction is that it resulted...and Cretaceous extinctions), ...
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extinction
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
extinction 1. In optical mineralogy, a mineral is said to be in extinction when the vibration direction of the two rays of...360° rotation of the stage. See OBLIQUE EXTINCTION ; STRAIGHT EXTINCTION ; SYMMETRICAL EXTINCTION...
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