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Protozoa
protozoa
protozoa A group of unicellular or acellular, usually microscopic, organisms now classified in various phyla of the kingdom
Protoctista (see
Apicomplexa;
Ciliophora;
Rhizopoda;
Zoomastigota). They were formerly regarded either as a phylum of simple animals or as members of the kingdom
Protista. They are very widely distributed in marine, freshwater, and moist terrestrial habitats; most protozoans are saprotrophs, but some are parasites, including the agents causing malaria (
Plasmodium) and sleeping sickness (
Trypanosoma), and a few contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis, like plants. Protozoan cells may be flexible or rigid, with an outer
pellicle or protective
test. In some (such as
Paramecium and
Trypanosoma)
undulipodia (cilia or flagella) are present for locomotion; others (such as
Amoeba) have
pseudopodia for movement and food capture.
Contractile vacuoles occur in freshwater protozoans. Reproduction is usually asexual, by binary
fission, but some protozoans undergo a form of sexual reproduction (see
conjugation).
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PROTOZOA: AN ANIMAL-RESEARCH FIRST
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 2/1/2006; 700+ words
; ...especially virulent when tucked inside protozoa in the rumen, or first stomach, of cattle. Protozoa are one-celled predatory organisms that...to gain strength from interaction with protozoa inside animals. It suggests that naturally...
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Protozoa: an animal-research first: protozoa bolsters bacterial virulence inside animals.
Magazine article from: Agricultural Research; 2/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...especially virulent when tucked inside protozoa in the rumen, or first stomach, of cattle. Protozoa are one-celled predatory organisms that...to gain strength from interaction with protozoa inside animals. It suggests that naturally...
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Protozoa to Present at the Red Herring Venture Market West
PR Newswire; 5/5/1997; 700+ words
; ...MARKET WEST, May 5 /PRNewswire/ -- Protozoa: from the Greek, proto meaning "original...landscape: real-time 3D characters. Protozoa creates the software technology for Instant...that Web advertising and content need. Protozoa's mission is to provide the leading...
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The protozoa, a kingdom by default?
Magazine article from: The American Biology Teacher; 9/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...and six or more eukaryotic kingdoms: Protozoa (the amitochondrial members sometimes...these kingdoms. In particular, the Protozoa is loosely characterized; its membership...Cavalier-Smith 1993). But since Protozoa are, in a selection of recent literature...
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Effect of Nylon Bag and Protozoa on In Vitro Corn Starch Disappearance
Magazine article from: Journal of Dairy Science; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...out to study whether the presence of protozoa in nylon bags can explain the underestimation...affect starch disappearance. When no protozoa were present, the disappearance of starch...incubation compared with presence of protozoa. However, in the tubes, there was...
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Investigating unsaturated fat, monensin, or bromoethanesulfonate in continuous cultures retaining ruminal protozoa. II. Interaction of treatment and presence of protozoa on prokaryotic communities1
Magazine article from: Journal of Dairy Science; 8/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...inhibition of methanogens by feed additives, protozoa are often targeted for inhibition because...fat (potentially inhibitory to ciliate protozoa, methanogens, and gram-positive bacteria...administered, bands presumptively linked to protozoa-associated methanogens in the faunated...
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TV's UPN Taps Protozoa's ALIVE! Real-Time Animation Software to Bring Virtual Ed Sullivan to Life
PR Newswire; 5/13/1998; 700+ words
; ...PRNewswire/ -- Through the magic of Protozoa Inc.'s real-time performance animation...May 18 at 9:00 p.m. on UPN. Using Protozoa's award-winning ALIVE! animation...the taping of the show, the on site Protozoa production team fed the coordinates from...
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MTV, Protozoa, and Pulse Entertainment Team up for a Breakthrough in Web Animation: Virtual Bill Clinton in Interactive 3D.
PR Newswire; 12/17/1998; 700+ words
; ...over the Internet, has partnered with Protozoa, an award-winning animation and software...minimum bandwidth." Originally created by Protozoa using its ALIVE(TM) real-time animation...there," said Brad deGraf, President of Protozoa. "Now we can deliver a lot of animation...
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"Mutual beneficial" relationship of termite-protozoa goes back 100 mln yrs.
News Wire article from: Asian News International; 5/15/2009; 700+ words
; ...an animal and microorganism, namely protozoa. The findings were made by George Poinar...its wounded abdomen spilled a range of protozoa, which even then were providing a key...dead wood they chew, but they depend on protozoa in their gut to provide the enzymes that...
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Microbes strengthen inside animals' protozoa.
M2 Presswire; 2/2/2006; 685 words
; ...Microbes strengthen inside animals' protozoa(C)1994-2006 M2 COMMUNICATIONS...single-celled organisms called protozoa that are naturally present inside...This finding suggests that the protozoa in animals' digestive tracts may...
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Protozoa
Book article from: Biology
Protozoa Protozoa (meaning "first animals") are heterotrophic, single-celled or...from a few to hundreds of micrometers, depending on the species. Most protozoa are animal-like (heterotrophic) because their carbon and energy...
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protozoa
Book article from: A Dictionary of Nursing
protozoa (proh-tŏ- zoh -ă) pl. n. a group of microscopic single-celled organisms. Most protozoa are free-living but some, such as Plasmodium and Leishmania , are important disease-causing parasites of humans...
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Leishmaniasis
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.
...organism called a protozoan. Description Protozoa are considered to be the most simple...are all single-celled. The types of protozoa that cause leishmaniasis are carried...called macrophages work to swallow up the protozoa. Usually, this technique kills a foreign...
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Sleeping Sickness
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...progress to death within months or years. Protozoa are single-celled organisms considered...the simplest animal life forms. The protozoa responsible for sleeping sickness are...that exist only in Africa. The type of protozoa causing sleeping sickness in humans is...
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Parasites
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
...studied by parasitologists include species of protozoa , helminths or worms, and arthropods. Protozoa are one-celled organisms that are capable...Many of the over 45,000 species of known protozoa are parasitic. As parasites of humans...
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